Acute oral toxicity of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula leaf extract in Wistar albino rats

Figures & data

Figure 1.  (a) Changes in feed consumption of male rats in acute toxicity study. (b) Changes in feed consumption of female rats in acute toxicity study.

Figure 2.  (a) Changes in water consumption of male rats in the acute toxicity study. (b) Changes in water consumption of female rats in the acute toxicity study.

Figure 3.  (a) Changes in body weight of male rats in the acute toxicity study. (b) Changes in body weight of female rats in the acute toxicity study.

Table 1.  Effect of single oral administration of methanolic extract of P. longifolia on biochemical parameters of male rats.

Group	Total protein (g/dl)	Albumin (g/dl)	Urea (mg/dl)	Cholesterol (mg/dl)	ALP KA Units	GOT (IU/L)	GPT (IU/L)
Control	6.48 ± 0.04	4.38 ± 0.02	68.22 ± 3.34	89.55 ± 2.73	71.38 ± 7.99	90.20 ± 2.85	21.40 ± 0.60
540 mg/kg	6.60 ± 0.06^ns	4.64 ±0.17^ns	46.16 ± 1.07*	78.34 ± 2.95^ns	56.88 ± 7.16^ns	108 ± 9.27^ns	26.20 ± 0.37*
1080 mg/kg	6.71 ± 0.05*	4.19 ± 0.08^ns	44.82 ± 2.22*	105.14 ± 3.03^ns	47.65 ± 2.07*	57.40 ± 11.2*	15.60 ± 3.19*
2160 mg/kg	6.76 ± 0.07*	4.60 ± 0.10^ns	49.66 ± 0.77*	88.43 ± 2.73^ns	58.42 ± 3.97^ns	108.60 ± 3.84*	37.80 ± 1.66*
3240 mg/kg	5.65 ± 0.38^ns	3.87 ± 0.17*	38.86 ± 2.16*	112.29 ± 5.43^ns	44.61 ± 2.14*	85.60 ± 1.03^ns	13.00 ± 1.76*

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, *p < 0.05 when compared with Control using Student’s t-test.

ns, not significant.

Table 2.  Effect of single oral administration of methanolic extract of P. longifolia on biochemical parameters of female rats.

Group	Total protein (g/dl)	Albumin (g/dl)	Urea (mg/dl)	Cholesterol (mg/dl)	ALP KA Units	GOT (IU/L)	GPT (IU/L)
Control	7.05 ± 0.11	4.90 ± 0.10	56.36 ± 2.07	97.04 ± 6.07	27.54 ± 4.39	98.60 ± 3.91	21.80 ± 0.66
540 mg/kg	7.03 ± 0.16^ns	4.76 ± 0.26^ns	52.09 ± 1.33^ns	76.68 ± 1.77*	35.69 ± 5.17^ns	128.20 ± 9.32*	34.20 ± 1.59*
1080 mg/kg	7.16 ± 0.06^ns	4.84 ± 0.08^ns	54.85 ± 3.77^ns	98.97 ± 4.33^ns	28.27 ± 5.24^ns	99.60 ± 5.55^ns	20.80 ± 0.58^ns
2160 mg/kg	6.91 ± 0.10^ns	5.04 ± 0.10^ns	52.17 ± 0.99^ns	70.69 ± 1.86*	31.45 ± 4.95^ns	105.40 ± 6.75^ns	29.80 ± 1.62*
3240 mg/kg	6.96 ± 0.10^ns	4.60 ± 0.15^ns	42.96 ± 2.16*	98.24 ± 1.36^ns	18.66 ± 2.49^ns	100.80 ± 10.49^ns	10.80 ± 1.02*

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, *p < 0.05 when compared with Control using Student’s t-test.

ns, not significant.

Table 3.  Effect of single oral administration of methanolic extract of P. longifolia on hematological parameters of male rats.

Group	Control	540 mg/kg	1080 mg/kg	2160 mg/kg	3240 mg/kg
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	14.82 ± 0.17	15.48 ± 0.32^ns	14.94 ± 0.47^ns	15.40 ± 0.35^ns	15.22 ± 0.32^ns
Total RBC (ml/cu.mm)	7.91 ± 0.09	8.57 ± 0.19*	7.80 ± 0.28^ns	8.48 ± 0.23*	8.16 ± 0.09^ns
Packed Cell Volume (%)	41.02 ± 0.68	44.48 ± 0.97*	41.02 ± 1.65^ns	45.04 ± 1.00*	41.10 ± 0.61^ns
MCV (cu.micron)	52.08 ± 0.33	51.9 ± 0.43^ns	52.57 ± 0.67^ns	53.12 ± 0.66^ns	50.38 ± 0.78^ns
MCH (pico gram)	18.74 ± 0.08	18.08 ± 0.20*	19.17 ± 0.14*	18.16 ± 0.20*	18.66 ± 0.38^ns
MCHC (%)	35.98 ± 0.23	34.82 ± 0.28*	36.48 ± 0.43^ns	34.2 ± 0.20*	37.02 ± 0.34*
Total WBC/10^3 mm^3	6.8 ± 0.79	7.66 ± 1.06^ns	10.0± 1.9^ns	6.9 ± 1.02^ns	10.8 ± 1.61^ns
Neutrophils (%)	20.6 ± 1.75	12.8 ± 3.77^ns	22.60 ± 1.66^ns	25.6 ± 5.08^ns	31.20 ± 5.30^ns
Lymphocytes (%)	78 ± 1.84	88.4 ± 3.54*	76.80 ± 1.96^ns	73.8 ± 5.34^ns	67.80 ± 5.48^ns
Eosinophils (%)	1.4 ± 0.24	0*	0.60 ± 0.40^ns	0.6 ± 0.40^ns	1 ± 0.32^ns
Monocytes (%)	0	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns
Basophiles (%)	0	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns
Total platelet count/10^3 mm^3	126.8 ± 10.8	123.7 ± 10.0^ns	141.2 ± 7.2^ns	90.5 ± 16.5^ns	120.3 ± 12.2^ns

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, *p < 0.05 when compared with Control using Student’s t-test.

ns, not significant; RBC, red blood cell; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 4.  Effect of single oral administration of methanolic extract of P. longifolia on hematological parameters of female rats.

Group	Control	540 mg/kg	1080 mg/kg	2160 mg/kg	3240 mg/kg
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	15.74 ± 0.17	15.24 ± 0.25^ns	15.38 ± 0.34^ns	15.08 ± 0.09*	15.52 ± 0.24^ns
Total RBC (ml/cu.mm)	7.89 ± 0.05	8.28 ± 0.20^ns	7.73 ± 0.28^ns	8.22 ± 0.13^ns	8.01 ± 0.18^ns
Packed cell volume (%)	41.08 ± 0.47	42.66 ± 0.99^ns	38.26 ± 2.74^ns	42.8 ± 0.29*	41.06 ± 1.07^ns
MCV (cu.micron)	52.04 ± 0.41	51.22 ± 0.22^ns	49.35 ± 2.60^ns	52.1 ± 0.61^ns	51.29 ± 0.27^ns
MCH (pico gram)	19.94 ± 0.14	18.4 ± 0.18*	19.94 ± 0.33^ns	18.36 ± 0.28*	19.41 ± 0.29^ns
MCHC (%)	38.32 ± 0.07	35.74 ± 0.27*	41.04 ± 3.10^ns	35.22 ± 0.20*	37.84 ± 0.44^ns
Total WBC/10^3 mm^3	7.60 ± 0.70	8.3 ± 1.44^ns	9.0± 0.98^ns	5.9 ± 0.79^ns	10.0 ± 1.67^ns
Neutrophils (%)	22.8 ± 3.87	24.2 ± 3.65^ns	19.60 ± 2.09^ns	15.6 ± 1.36^ns	26.20 ± 4.07^ns
Lymphocytes (%)	77 ± 3.99	75.8 ± 3.65^ns	80 ± 2.28^ns	84.4 ± 1.36^ns	73.20 ± 4.40^ns
Eosinophils (%)	0.20 ± 0.20	0^ns	0.40 ± 0.40^ns	0^ns	0.60 ± 0.40^ns
Monocytes (%)	0	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns
Basophiles (%)	0	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns	0^ns
Total platelet count/10^3 mm^3	119.6 ± 9.8	77.7 ± 9.1*	123.0 ± 8.5^ns	151.7 ± 6.7^ns	106.2 ± 18.3^ns

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, *p < 0.05 when compared with Control using Student’s t-test.

Ns, not significant; RBC, red blood cell; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 5.  Effect of single oral administration of methanolic extract of P. longifolia on relative organ weights of male rats (g/100 g of body weights).

Group	Thymus glands	Lungs	Heart	Liver	Spleen	Kidneys		Adrenal glands		Testes
						Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right
Control	0.25 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.07	0.32 ± 0.00	2.65 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.02	0.009 ± 0.001	0.011 ± 0.002	0.48 ± 0.01	0.48 ± 0.01
540mg/kg	0.29 ± 0.03	0.61 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.01	2.55 ± 0.11	0.19 ± 0.01*	0.33 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.012 ± 0.002	0.011 ± 0.001	0.51 ± 0.01	0.52 ± 0.01*
1080 mg/kg	0.23 ± 0.02	0.64 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.01	2.71 ± 0.05	0.22 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01	0.010 ± 0.009	0.010 ± 0.009	0.45 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.01
2160 mg/kg	0.21 ± 0.02	0.57 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.00	2.30 ± 0.05*	0.20 ± 0.01*	0.36 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.01	0.010 ± 0.001	0.008 ± 0.001	0.48 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.02
3240 mg/kg	0.28 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.02	2.79 ± 0.07	0.27 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.01*	0.42 ± 0.01	0.014 ± 0.001*	0.010 ± 0.001	0.53 ± 0.01*	0.50 ± 0.02

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, *p < 0.05 when compared with Control using Student’s t-test.

Table 6.  Effect of single oral administration of methanolic extract of P. longifolia on relative organ weights of female rats (g/100 g of body weights).

Group	Thymus glands	Lungs	Heart	Liver	Spleen	Kidneys		Adrenal gland		Uterus and Ovaries
						Left	Right	Left	Rights
Control	0.31 ± 0.02	0.83 ± 0.06	0.33 ± 0.01	2.75 ± 0.05	0.27 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.02	0.018 ± 0.002	0.015 ± 0.002	0.35 ± 0.02
540 mg/kg	0.33 ± 0.05	0.67 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.01	2.55 ± 0.10	0.26 ± 0.00	0.33 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.01	0.017 ± 0.002	0.018 ± 0.002	0.33 ± 0.02
1080 mg/kg	0.29 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.03	0.32 ± 0.01	2.66 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01	0.35 ± 0.01	0.014 ± 0.002	0.015 ± 0.001	0.38 ± 0.03
2160 mg/kg	0.29 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.06	0.30 ± 0.00*	2.46 ± 0.05*	0.24 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.02	0.013 ± 0.001*	0.019 ± 0.003	0.31 ± 0.02
3240 mg/kg	0.29 ± 0.03	0.85 ± 0.06	0.32 ± 0.01	2.74 ± 0.11	0.26 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.01	0.018 ± 0.002	0.022 ± 0.002	0.33 ± 0.02

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, *p < 0.05 when compared with Control using Student’s t-test.