Nephroprotective and curative effects of Ficus religiosa latex extract against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure

Figures & data

Figure 1. TLC, HPTLC chromatograms and UV spectra.

Figure 2. % DPPH radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract of Ficus religiosa L. latex.

Figure 3. Percent phosphor-molybdenum radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract of Ficus religiosa L. latex.

Figure 4. Effect of methanol extract of Ficus religiosa latex the on change in body weight of various groups. Each group represents mean ± SD of six animals as compared to the model control. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 as compared to the model control (2) with 1, 3, 4, 5 group.

Table 1. Effect of methanol extract of Ficus religiosa latex on the excretion urine volume, urea and creatinine in blood serum on the sixth day after cisplatin administration.

Groups	Urine volume (ml/24 h)	Urea level in serum (mg/dl)	Creatinine level in serum (mg/dl)
Control	5.33 ± 0.33	24.16 ± 1.04	0.94 ± 0.05
Model control	14.66 ± 0.88^a	76.66 ± 2.24^a	2.32 ± 0.10^a
Extract control  (200 mg/kg)	5.65 ± 0.25^b	21.37 ± 1.53^b	0.84 ± 0.06^b
Protective (200 mg/kg)	7.66 ± 0.66^b	46.50 ± 1.38^b	1.59 ± 0.08^b
Curative (200 mg/kg)	8.66 ± 0.66^b	49.66 ± 1.94^b	1.70 ± 1.32^b

^a**p < 0.01 as compared to the control.

^b**p < 0.01 as compared to the model control.

Table 2. Effect of methanol extract of Ficus religiosa latex on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes of kidney on the sixth day after cisplatin administration.

Groups	µmol GSH/g kidney tissue	nMol MDA/g Ml	Unit SOD/g kidney tissue	CAT (µmol of H2O2/g kidney tissue)
Control	69.50 ± 1.54	14.00 ± 0.57	21.83 ± 0.94	323.33 ± 1.75
Model control	45.33 ± 1.66^a	24.50 ± 0.61^a	7.16 ± 0.60^a	201.67 ± 3.33^a
Extract control (200 mg/kg)	72.25 ± 1.54^b	13.56 ± 0.36^b	23.33 ± 0.33^b	326.33 ± 1.33^b
Protective (200 mg/kg)	59.33 ± 1.78^b	16.33 ± 0.66^b	15.66 ± 1.01^b	259.50 ± 3.25^b
Curative (200 mg/kg)	54.50 ± 1.87^b	16.16 ± 0.83^b	11.33 ± 0.66^b	240.00 ± 5.00^b

^a**p < 0.01 as compared to the control.

^b**p < 0.01 as compared to the model control; *p < 0.05 as compared to the model control.

Table 3. Effect of the methanol extract of Ficus religiosa latex on the Na^+/K⁺ ATPase, Mg⁺⁺ATPase and Ca⁺⁺ ATPase in kidney tissue on the sixth day after cisplatin administration.

Groups	Na^+/K^+ ATPase (mM of phosphate librated/mg tissue)	Mg^++ATPase (mM of phosphate librated/mg tissue)	Ca^++ ATPase (mM of phosphate librated/mg tissue)
Control	210.17 ± 1.3	150.66 ± 0.88	102.83 ± 2.31
Model control	135.17 ± 1.51^a	81.66 ± 1.05^a	64.33 ± 1.05^a
Extract control (200 mg/kg)	216.24 ± 1.5^b	153.56 ± 0.38^b	106.33 ± 1.33^b
Protective (200 mg/kg)	155.67 ± 2.91^b	98.33 ± 2.34^b	83.33 ± 2.24^b
Curative (200 mg/kg)	150.5 ± 2.43^b	94.50 ± 1.89^b	77.66 ± 1.83^b

^a**p < 0.01 as compared to the control.

^b**p < 0.01 as compared to the model control.

Figure 5. Histopathological evidence of cisplatin-induced proximal tubular toxicity. Representative histopathology stained sections from kidney of plate (A) vehicle-treated (magnification 20×), (B) cisplatin-treated rats (5 mg/kg, six days) (magnification 20×), (C) extract control Ficus religiosa treated with 200 mg/kg rats (magnification 20×), (D) protective Ficus religiosa treated with 200 mg/kg rats (magnification 20×), and (E) curative F. religiosa treated with 200 mg/kg rats (magnification 20×).