Antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity of Sargassum wightii

Figures & data

Figure 1. DPPH radical scavenging activity of different solvent extracts (100–500 µg/mL) of S. wightii. The values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Figure 2. Reducing power of different solvent extracts of S. wightii (100–500 µg/mL). The values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Figure 3. Hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of different solvent extracts of S. wightii (100–500 µg/mL). The values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Figure 4. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of different solvent extract of S. wightii (100–500 µg/mL). The values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Figure 5. Total antioxidative power of different solvent extracts of S. wightii (100–500 µg/mL). The values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Table 1. AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities of different solvent extracts of S. wightii.

		AChE					BuChE
		% of inhibition ± SD^a					% of inhibition ± SD^a
S. No	Solvent extracts	20 µg/mL	40 µg/mL	60 µg/mL	80 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	20 µg/mL	40 µg/mL	60 µg/mL	80 µg/mL	100 µg/mL
1	Donepezil	98.05 ± 0.23	98.05 ± 0.12	98.05 ± 0.30	98.39 ± 0.34	98.26 ± 0.23**	67.71 ± 1.09	85.61 ± 8.50	85.96 ± 1.84	96.65 ± 2.64	91.57 ± 2.41**
2	Petroleum ether	44.5 ± 3.08	83.52 ± 8	100 ± 9.6	100 ± 5.2	100 ± 5.9**	55.32 ± 4.05	80.91 ± 1.64	90.83 ± 1.85	97.6 ± 1.45	98.83 ± 0.30**
3	Hexane	15.16 ± 2.17	35.77 ± 1.5	57.2 ± 4.89	78.25 ± 4.72	87.21 ± 6.62**	35.29 ± 3.44	56.8 ± 2.28	68.61 ± 2.47	91.78 ± 2.16	94.16 ± 0.65**
4	Benzene	30.91 ± 1.9	64.45 ± 3.6	83.84 ± 1.3	96.65 ± 4.1	100 ± 2.2**	76.51 ± 2.11	90.42 ± 0.60	97.47 ± 4.46	100 ± 0.93	99.09 ± 0.61**
5	Dichloromethane	16.92 ± 1.93	36.08 ± 3.46	57.03 ± 1.69	69.22 ± 1.75	82.58 ± 1.18**	53.51 ± 0.76	74.08 ± 1.56	89.05 ± 2.30	93.96 ± 3.87	98.81 ± 0.17**
6	Chloroform	13.64 ± 1.2	19.52 ± 0.33	33.31 ± 2.3	55.4 ± 5.7	73.82 ± 1.2*	34.17 ± 1.11	30.34 ± 2.52	36.63 ± 0.83	37.32 ± 3.92	40.23 ± 3.50
7	Ethyl acetate	17.88 ± 2.03	25.46 ± 3.6	31.34 ± 1.5	37.62 ± 1.4	41.09 ± 0.7	31.16 ± 1.28	37.7 ± 3.24	46.61 ± 4.56	50.21 ± 0.46	53.50 ± 3.63*
8	Acetone	14.89 ± 5.1	30.69 ± 1.1	42.37 ± 2.2	53.23 ± 2.8	63.68 ± 3.4*	94.14 ± 0.42	94.48 ± 1.22	96.24 ± 1.82	97.17 ± 2.38	92.19 ± 0.17**
9	Methanol	0	0	0	0	2.30 ± 1.8	26.7 ± 4.42	38.34 ± 1.00	17.88 ± 0.33	24.7 ± 4.21	18.67 ± 4.29
10	Water	3.2	2.4	0.15	0	0	29.65 ± 1.44	32.19 ± 5.08	38.21 ± 6.10	42.77 ± 2.54	38.75 ± 3.11

^aResults were expressed as Mean ± SD (n = 3).

^bNI = No inhibition.

*p < 0.05.

**p < 0.01.

Table 2. GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane extract of S. wightii.

S. No	Retention time	Name of the compound	Molecular formula	Molecular weight	Peak area%
1	7.30	Phenol, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitro-	C6H3Cl2NO3	207	5.36
2	8.68	Methyl 3-(dicholoromethyl)-4,4-dichloro-2-butenoate	C6H6Cl4O2	250	2.03
3	11.42	1,5-Hexadiene, 1,1,2,5,6,6-hexachloro-	C6H4Cl6	286	1.07
4	11.95	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester	C16H22O4	278	20.14
5	13.81	2-Undecanethiol,2-methyl-	C12H26S	202	0.09
6	18.80	Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylexyl) ester	C22H42O4	370	0.16
7	19.08	Phosphonic acid, phenyl-, bis (trimethylsilyl)ester	C12H23O3PSi2	302	0.05
8	19.32	Thiophene-2-carbonitrile, 5-tert-butyl-3-(-4-chlorobenzylidenamino)-	C16H15CIN2S	302	0.07
9	20.85	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester	C24H38O4	390	69.62
10	26.83	2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl-	C13H22OSi2	250	1.42

Figure 6. (A and C) LB plot of AChE and BuChE with various concentrations of ATCI and BTCI (5–25 mM) as substrates respectively; (B and D) LB plot showing inhibitory activity of dichloromethane extract of S. wightii against AChE and BuChE with ATCI and BTCI as substrates respectively. •– Control; ♦– IC₂₅; ○– IC₅₀; (1/v – Inverse of absorbance measured at 405 nm and 1/s – Substrate concentration).