In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of ethanol extract of Alpinia oxyphylla fruits

Figures & data

Table 1. The total phenolic content and radical scavenging activities of the ethanol crude extract and its four fractions from Alpinia oxyphylla fruits using DPPH^• and TEAC assay.

	IC50/DPPH^•	TEAC^b	TPC^c
Samples^a	(μg/mL)	(mmol TE/mg DW)	(mg GA/g DW)
CE	188.9 ± 2.2	0.187 ± 0.004	12.5 ± 1.3
PF	354.9 ± 1.3	0.138 ± 0.001	10.6 ± 2.1
EF	74.7 ± 1.5	0.236 ± 0.003	20.3 ± 0.9
BF	173.7 ± 0.9	0.207 ± 0.004	16.7 ± 2.6
WF	680.8 ± 3.4	0.118 ± 0.001	8.2 ± 1.7
VC	51.7 ± 0.7	NA^d	NA^d

Data are presented as the mean value ± standard deviation (n ≥ 3).

^aCE: ethanol crude extract; PF: petroleum ether fraction; EF: ethyl acetate fraction; BF: n-butanol fraction; WF: water fraction; and VC: ascorbic acid.

^bTEAC, expressed as mM Trolox per mg of dry weight of extracts.

^cTotal phenolic content is expressed as gallic acid equivalents.

^dNA: not analyzed.

Figure 1. DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol crude extract and its four fractions from Alpinia oxyphylla fruits. CE: ethanol crude extract; PF: petroleum ether fraction; EF: ethyl acetate fraction; BF: n-butanol fraction; WF: water fraction; and VC: ascorbic acid.

Figure 2. ABTS^•+ scavenging activity of ethanol crude extract and its four fractions from Alpinia oxyphylla fruits. CE: ethanol crude extract; PF: petroleum ether fraction; EF: ethyl acetate fraction; BF: n-butanol fraction; WF: water fraction; and VC: ascorbic acid.

Figure 3. Reducing power of ethanol crude extract and its four fractions from Alpinia oxyphylla fruits. CE: ethanol crude extract; PF: petroleum ether fraction; EF: ethyl acetate fraction; BF: n-butanol fraction; WF: water fraction; and VC: ascorbic acid.

Table 2. Correlation coefficients (R²) for relationship between assays.

	IC50/DPPH^•	TEAC value	IC50/reducing power^a
TEAC value	0.851
IC50/reducing power	0.928	0.817
TPC	0.873	0.936	0.826

^aIC₅₀/reducing power, expressed as the concentration of the extracts at which the absorbance was 0.5 at 700 nm.

Table 3. Cytotoxicity (IC₅₀) of the ethanol crude extract and its four fractions from Alpinia oxyphylla fruits and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on six human cancer cell lines.

	IC50 (μg/mL)
Samples^a	HepG2	A549	HeLa	MCF-7	MNK-45	SW480
CE	79.1 ± 2.2	126.7 ± 4.2	159.8 ± 2.2	126.2 ± 1.8	87.6 ± 2.4	166.3 ± 0.6
PF	40.1 ± 1.3	100.4 ± 2.3	84.1 ± 1.0	66.5 ± 2.9	57.1 ± 3.3	86.6 ± 1.4
EF	40.9 ± 1.0	69.4 ± 1.6	61.4 ± 2.4	67.7 ± 1.9	69.0 ± 0.9	95.4 ± 2.0
BF	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200
WF	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200
5-FU	43.8 ± 0.7	42.3 ± 3.1	53.0 ± 1.6	17.9 ± 0.6	27.4 ± 1.0	79.0 ± 2.5

Data are means ± SD of three independent experiments.

^aCE: ethanol crude extract; PF: petroleum ether fraction; EF: ethyl acetate fraction; BF: n-butanol fraction; WF: water fraction; and 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil.