The ameliorative effect of Cetraria islandica against diabetes-induced genetic and oxidative damage in human blood

Figures & data

Table 1. The effects of C. islandica extract on biochemical parameters in healthy or diabetic human blood cultures.

Groups#	SOD (U mL^−1)	CAT (U g Hb^−1)	GSH-Px (U mL^−1)	MDA (µmol L^−1)
Control (C)	101.8 ± 6.90^b	234.2 ± 7.68^b	90.8 ± 8.27^b	355.4 ± 12.99^a
Diabetes(T1D)	51.6 ± 4.97^c	137.6 ± 5.58^c	52.4 ± 6.34^c	825.4 ± 17.07^b
C. islandica 5 μg mL^−1	117.1 ± 7.36^a	248.4 ± 6.8^a	107.9 ± 7.62^a	362.7 ± 10.54^a
T1D + C. islandica 5 μg mL^−1	92.7 ± 5.26^b	219.4 ± 8.22^b	82.40 ± 4.87^b	374.6 ± 11.56^a

Different letters within each column present a statistical difference by Duncan multiple range test at p < 0.05. Unit definition for SOD (U mL⁻¹): one unit inhibits by 50% the maximum reduction of nitro blue tetrazoliumat 25 °C, pH 7.0; for CAT (U g Hb⁻¹): one unit decomposes one micromole of hydrogen peroxide per minute at 25 °C, pH 7.0; for GSH-Px (U mL⁻¹): one unit catalyzes the oxidation by H₂O₂ of 1.0 µmol of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione per min at pH 7.0 at 25 °C; MDA (µmol L⁻¹).

#Values are presented as mean ± S.D.; n = 8.

Figure 1. The frequencies of MN in cultured human lymphocytes from diabetic patients and control groups. Values are means ± standard deviation; n = 8. Different letters within each bar present a statistical difference by Duncan multiple range tests at p < 0.05.

Figure 2. The frequencies of SCEs in cultured human lymphocytes from diabetic patients and control groups. Abbreviations are as defined in Figure 1.

Figure 3. The rates of PI after treatment with C. islandica extract on human lymphocytes. Abbreviations are as defined in Figure 1.

Figure 4. The effects of C. islandica extract on diabetic patients DNA damage determinated by SCGE assay in lymphocytes. Abbreviations are as defined in Figure 1.