Figures & data
Figure 1. Effect of oral administration of vehicle (Tween 80, 8%), ranitidine (100 mg/kg), MEMC 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg on absolute ethanol-induced ulcer. The ulcerated area (millimeter squared) was expressed as mean ± SEM for six animals. One-way ANOVA was done, followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test, ***p < 0.001 versus vehicle.
Figure 2. Effect of oral administration of vehicle (Tween 80, 8%), ranitidine (100 mg/kg), MEMC 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg on indomethacin-induced ulceration. The ulcerated area (millimeter squared) was expressed as mean ± SEM for six animals. One-way ANOVA was done, followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test, ***p < 0.001 versus vehicle.
Figure 3. Histological evaluation of antiulcer activity of MEMC against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. (A) Stomach of a negative control rat; (B) stomach of a rat pretreated with 100 mg/kg ranitidine; (C) stomach of a rat pretreated with 100 mg/kg MEMC; (D) stomach of a rat pretreated with 250 mg/kg MEMC; (E) stomach of a rat pretreated with 500 mg/kg MEMC. Respective histopathological sections are shown together; (Ai) stomach of the control animal showing a severe effect on mucosa with hemorrhagic erosion, edema, necrosis and erosion; (Bi) stomach of 100 mg/kg ranitidine-treated animals showing moderate hemorrhage and edema; (Ci) stomach of 100 mg/kg MEMC-treated animals showing almost normal mucosa with mild edema; (Di) stomach of 250 mg/kg MEMC-treated animals showing almost normal mucosa with mild edema; (Ei) stomach of 500 mg/kg MEMC-treated animals show almost normal mucosa. H, hemorrhage; ED, edema; ER, erosion; N, normal architecture.
Table 1. Histopathological evaluation of MEMC on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats.
Figure 4. Histological evaluation of antiulcer activity of MEMC against indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in rats. (A) Stomach of a negative control rat; (B) stomach of a rat pretreated with 100 mg/kg ranitidine; (C) stomach of a rat pretreated with 100 mg/kg MEMC; (D) stomach of a rat pretreated with 250 mg/kg MEMC; (E) stomach of a rat pretreated with 500 mg/kg MEMC. Respective histopathological sections are shown together: (Ai) stomach of the control animal showing a severe effect on mucosa with necrosis and erosion; (Bi) stomach of 100 mg/kg ranitidine-treated animals showing moderate edema; (Ci) stomach of 100 mg/kg MEMC-treated animals showing almost normal mucosa with mild edema; (Di) stomach of 250 mg/kg MEMC-treated animals showing almost normal mucosa with mild edema; (Ei) stomach of 500 mg/kg MEMC-treated animals showing almost normal mucosa. H, hemorrhage; ED, edema; ER, erosion; N, normal architecture.
Figure 5. Effect of vehicle (Tween 80, 8%, p.o.), MEMC (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o), carbenoxolone (CBX, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and l-arginine (l-ARG, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) on gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol in rats pretreated with saline i.p. and/or l-NAME (70 mg/kg, i.p.). Each column represents the mean ± SEM of six animals. One-way ANOVA was done, followed by Newman–Keuls test, ***p < 0.001 versus saline vehicle; †††p < 0.001 versus vehicle l-NAME; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 saline pretreatment versus l-NAME pretreatment.
Figure 6. Effect of vehicle (Tween 80, 8%, p.o.), MEMC (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and carbenoxolone (CBX, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) on gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol in rats pretreated with saline i.p. and/or NEM (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Each column represents the mean ± SEM of six animals. One-way ANOVA was done, followed by Newman–Keuls test, ***p < 0.001 versus saline vehicle; †††p < 0.001 versus vehicle NEM; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 saline pretreatment versus NEM pretreatment.
