Figures & data
Figure 1. Effect of ethanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa on immobility period of mice using forced swim test. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Eth ext stands for ethanol extract. F(4, 45) = 8.554, p < 0.0001. ap < 0.001, bp < 0.05 as compared to the vehicle-treated group.
Figure 2. Effect of ethanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa on immobility period of mice using the tail suspension test. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Eth ext stands for ethanol extract. F(4, 45) = 39.238, p < 0.0001. ap < 0.01 as compared to the vehicle-treated group.
Figure 3. Effect of punarnavine on the immobility period of mice using forced swim test. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. F(3, 36) = 8.184, p = 0.0003. ap < 0.05, bp < 0.001, cp < 0.01 as compared to the vehicle-treated group.
Figure 4. Effect of punarnavine on the immobility period of mice using tail suspension test. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. F (3, 36) = 75.757, p < 0.0001. ap < 0.01 as compared to the vehicle-treated group.
Figure 5. Effect of combination of ethanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa with sulpiride, prazosin, p-CPA, and baclofen on immobility periods of mice using the tail suspension test. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Eth ext stands for ethanolic extract. F (9, 90) = 19.498; p < 0.0001. ap<0.001 as compared to vehicle treated group; bp<0.001 as compared to ethanolic extract (50 mg/kg) treated group.
Figure 6. Effect of combination of punarnavine with sulpiride, prazosin, p-CPA, and baclofen on immobility periods of mice using tail suspension test. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Punar stands for punarnavine. F(9, 90) = 10.426. p < 0.0001. ap < 0.001 as compared to the vehicle-treated group; bp < 0.001 as compared to punarnavine (20 mg/kg) group.
Figure 7. Effect of ethanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa and punarnavine on MAO-A activity. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Eth ext stands for ethanol extract and punar stands for punarnavine. F(7, 72) = 5.326, p < 0.0001. ap < 0.01, bp < 0.05 as compared to the vehicle group for ethanol extract; cp < 0.05, as compared to the vehicle group for punararnavine.
Figure 8. Effect of ethanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa and punarnavine on plasma corticosterone levels. n = 10 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Eth ext stands for ethanol extract and punar stands for punarnavine. F(7, 72) = 1.477, p = 0.1891.
Figure 9. Effect of ethanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa and punarnavine on locomotor activity. n = 6 in each group; values are in mean ± SEM. Doses are listed in mg/kg. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Eth ext stands for ethanol extract and punar stands for punarnavine. F(6, 35) = 2.614, p = 0.0251.
