Anticancer activity of Cocculus hirsutus against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells in mice

Figures & data

Table 1. Estimation of total alkaloid, phenolic and flavanoid content of the extracts.

Name of the extract	Total alkaloid (mg/100 g)	Total phenolics GAE mg/g	Total flavanoids RE mg/g
Hexane	35.7	32.5	1.89
Petroleum ether	50.5	38.9	2.76
Chloroform	145.3	27.9	4.27
Ethyl acetate	10.7	25.8	3.89
Methanol	165.6	43.5	4.97
Aqueous	23.8	10.5	1.34

GAE, gallic acid equivalent; RE, rutin equivalent.

Figure 1. Anti-proliferative studies of hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts against MCF-7 cancer cell line.

Table 2. Effect of MECH on body weight, packed cell volume, viable cell count, and % increased lifespan of tumor induced mice.

Groups	Increase in body weight (g)	Packed cell volume (ml)	Viable cell count (cells × 10^6/ml)	% ILS lifespan
Normal saline (5 ml/kg)	2.32 ± 0.51	–	–	>>30 d
DLA control (1 × 10^6 cells/mouse)	7.72 ± 1.13#^a	32.27 ± 0.87	2.69 ± 0.26	48%
DLA + 5-Fu (20 mg/kg)	3.19 ± 0.36*^a	18.56 ± 0.62*^a	1.46 ± 0.21*^a	92%
DLA + MECH (200 mg/kg)	4.43 ± 0.52*^a	22.31 ± 0.83*^a	2.04 ± 0.7*^b	58%
DLA + MECH (400 mg/kg)	4.15 ± 0.33*^a	20.30 ± 0.62*^a	1.80 ± 0.29*^a	77%

Values are mean ± SEM (n = 12). Data were assessed by a one-way Anova method followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison.

*All treated groups versus DLA control group, ^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01.

#DLA control group versus normal saline group.

Table 3. Effect of MECH on hematological parameters.

Groups	Total WBC (cells/ml × 10^3)	RBC count (Mill/cumm)	Hb (Gm/dl)	Platelets (lakhs/cumm)
Normal saline (5 ml/kg)	10.78 ± 0.28	4.55 ± 0.39	12.52 ± 0.57	3.45 ± 0.43
DLA control (1 × 10^6 cells/mouse)	14.22 ± 0.37#^a	2.48 ± 0.33#^a	7.32 ± 0.40#^a	1.79 ± 0.25#^a
DLA + 5-Fu (20 mg/kg)	11.24 ± 0.32*^a	4.12 ± 0.35*^a	11.49 ± 0.47*^a	2.89 ± 0.31*^a
DLA + MECH (200 mg/kg)	13.00 ± 0.57*^a	3.47 ± 0.27*^a	10.43 ± 0.43*^a	2.49 ± 0.26*^c
DLA + MECH (400 mg/kg)	12.06 ± 0.47*^a	3.35 ± 0.23*^b	10.66 ± 0.46*^a	2.97 ± 0.38*^a

Values are mean ± SEM (n = 12). Data were assessed by a one-way Anova method followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison.

#DLA control group versus normal saline group.

*All treated groups versus DLA control group, ^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.05.

Table 4. Effect of MECH on serum biochemical parameters.

Groups	Cholesterol (mg/dl)	TGL (mg/dl)	AST (U/L)	ALT (U/L)	ALP (U/L)
Normal saline (5 ml/kg)	116.8 ± 1.81	135.18 ± 3.36	43.09 ± 1.41	35.55 ± 1.74	128.99 ± 1.42
DLA control (1 × 10^6 cells/mouse)	141.67 ± 1.99#^a	223.08 ± 4.25#^a	86.7 ± 1.59#^a	62.95 ± 1.47#^a	242.84 ± 2.72#^a
DLA + 5-Fu (20 mg/kg)	120.96 ± 2.05*^a	170.04 ± 2.82*^a	58.87 ± 2.03*^a	44.39 ± 2.42*^a	162.17 ± 3.99*^a
DLA + MECH (200 mg/kg)	125.77 ± 1.86*^a	175.72 ± 2.74*^a	65.37 ± 2.59*^a	48.84 ± 2.25*^a	194.92 ± 1.56*^a
DLA + MECH (400 mg/kg)	123.88 ± 1.65*^a	173.82 ± 2.45*^a	62.78 ± 3.49*^a	45.82 ± 2.1*^a	189.81 ± 2.63*^a

Values are mean ± SEM (n = 12). Data were assessed by a one-way Anova method followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison.

#DLA control group versus normal saline group.

*All treated groups versus DLA control group, ^ap < 0.001.

Table 5. Effect of MECH on lipid peroxidation, SOD, and CAT in DLA-bearing mice.

Treatment	MDA (µM/g of protein)	SOD (IU/mg of protein)	CAT (IU/min/mg of protein
Normal saline (5 ml/kg)	161 ± 2.66	7.5 ± 0.43	34.5 ± 0.11
DLA control (1 × 10^6 cells/mouse)	500 ± 5.91#^,a	3.8 ± 0.36#^a	9.5 ± 0.25#^a
DLA + 5-FU (20 mg/kg)	284 ± 2.66*^a	6.3 ± 0.49*^a	29 ± 0.17*^a
DLA + MECH (200 mg/kg)	157 ± 2.95*^a	4.7 ± 0.35*^b	17 ± 0.12*^a
DLA + MECH (400 mg/kg)	142 ± 4.44*^a	6.1 ± 0.28*^a	27 ± 0.33*^a

Values are mean ± SEM (n = 6). Data were assessed by a one-way Anova method followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison.

#DLA control group versus normal saline group.

*All treated groups versus DLA control group, ^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01.