Sulfonylurea induction of caffeine-enhanced insulin secretion and reduction of glycemic levels in diabetic rats

Figures & data

Table 1. Cardiovascular responses before and after treatments and before physical exercise (n = 48).

	HR (bpm)		SBP (mm/Hg)		DBP (mm/Hg)
	Fasting	Post-treatment	Fasting	Post-treatment	Fasting	Post-treatment
Control	375 ± 5	336 ± 6	124 ± 2	126 ± 3	79 ± 4.0	80 ± 2.5
Caffeine	450 ± 24	359 ± 28	125 ± 1	126 ± 2	83 ± 3.4	81 ± 3.0
STZ	434 ± 17	433 ± 17	126 ± 1	120 ± 5	82 ± 2.5	81 ± 2.5
STZ caffeine	436 ± 19	433 ± 25	123 ± 2	123 ± 1	81 ± 2.6	82 ± 3.8
STZ sufonylurea	436 ± 19	433 ± 25	123 ± 2	123 ± 1	81 ± 2.0	82 ± 3.8
STZ caffeine + sufonylurea	427 ± 17	417 ± 22	125 ± 12	124 ± 3	83 ± 4.0	82 ± 5.0

HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure. Data are presented as means ± EPM (one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test).

Figure 1. Blood glucose behavior during treatments. The values are presented as mean ± EPM (n = 48). (§) Statistically different compared to the pre-treatment state in the same group (p < 0.05); (*) statistically different compared to the pre-exercise state in the same group (p < 0.05); (a, b, c) different letters indicate statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05; Student–Newman–Keuls after one-way ANOVA).

Table 2. Effects of caffeine and sulfonylurea on plasma insulin, lactate, and glycerol levels after the exercise protocol was applied.

	Insulin (µU/mL)	Glycerol (mg/dL)	Lactate (mmol/L)
Control	7.4 ± 0.2^a	87 ± 10^a	5.6 ± 0.03^a
Caffeine	4.7 ± 0.09^a,b	158 ± 13^b	5.9 ± 2^a
STZ	0.6 ± 0.01^b	76 ± 42^a	5.70 ± 1.2^a
STZ caffeine	0.7 ± 0.01^b	165 ± 95^b	6.35 ± 0.9^a
STZ sulfonylurea	0.6 ± 0.04^b	174 ± 19^b	5.92 ± 0.6^a
STZ caffeine + sulfonylurea	10 ± 0.22^a	162 ± 18^b	8.12 ± 0.1^b

The values are presented as mean ± EPM. ^a,bDifferent letters indicate statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05; Student–Newman–Keuls after a one-way ANOVA).