Figures & data
Figure 1. Effects of schisandrin A on d-GalN-induced liver injury. d-GalN was administered at 800 mg/kg/d, i.p. once every 24 h, a total of three times during the final stages of the experiment. ICR mice received i.g. treatment with schisandrin A (150 mg/kg/d); 2 weeks after i.g. schisandrin A, i.p. d-GalN 800 mg/kg/d was administered three times during the final stages of the experiment. A control group received i.g. physiological saline (10 ml/kg/d) for 2 weeks. (A) Representative HE-stained paraffin-embedded liver sections (400 × magnification). (B) ALT and AST activity levels in serum. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 10/group/time point; **p < 0.01, compared with the control group; ## p < 0.01, compared with the d-GalN-treated group).
Figure 2. Schisandrin A activates autophagy. (A) The expression of LC3 and p62 proteins was analyzed by western blot. The protein levels of LC3I 18KD, LC3II 16KD and p62 83KD are shown, and β-actin was used as an internal control. (B) Relative expression of LC3 and p62. Optical densities of respective protein bands were analyzed using Sigma Scan Pro5. Statistical comparisons between treated and control groups were performed using ANOVA (**p < 0.01 versus control, ## p < 0.01, compared with the d-GalN-treated group).
Figure 3. Schisandrin A inhibits apoptosis in liver injury. (A) Bcl-2, caspase-3, and beclin 1 protein expression. (B) The relative expression of Bcl-2, caspase-3, and beclin 1. Optical densities of respective protein bands were analyzed using Sigma Scan Pro5. Statistical comparisons between treated and control groups were performed using ANOVA (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus control; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, compared with the d-GalN-treated group).
Figure 4. Effect of schisandrin A on the p53 gene. (A) p53 protein expression. (B) Relative expression of p53 (*p < 0.05 versus control; #p < 0.05 compared with the d-GalN-treated group). (C) The relative expression of mRNA p53.
Figure 5. Schisandrin A affects the body’s immune responses. (A) Effects of autophagy regulation on CD4 and CD8α as measured using an FITC assay. (B) IL-8 and IL-1β content (*p < 0.05 versus control group and ##p < 0.01 versus d-GalN-treated group).
