Anticoagulant activity of isolated coumarins (suberosin and suberenol) and toxicity evaluation of Ferulago carduchorum in rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. Changes in rat body weight with the duration of subchronic treatment. Each point represents mean ± SD.

Figure 2. Changes in food consumption with the duration of subchronic treatment. Each point represents mean ± SD.

Table 1. Relative organ weight (ROW) at end of treatment with Ferulago carduchorum (g% body weight).

Dose mg/kg	Liver%	Kidney%	Heart%
Control	2.69 ± 0.661	0.68 ± 0.012	0.41 ± 0.032
250 m/kg	2.65 ± 0.007	0.69 ± 0.034	0.38 ± 0.008
500 mg/kg	2.87 ± 0.745	0.72 ± 0.012	0.38 ± 0.061
1000 mg/kg	2.48 ± 0.121	0.71 ± 0.004	0.40 ± 0.052

Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5).

Table 2. Hematologic parameters in Wistar rats after 30 d treatment with Ferulago carduchorum.

	250 mg/kg	500 mg/kg	1000 mg/kg	Control
WBC	9.915 ± 5.62	8.65 ± 1.25	8.36 ± 1.08	7.04 ± 1.65
RBC	9.35 ± 0.03	8.15 ± 0.14	9.48 ± 0.49	9.29 ± 0.06
Hemoglobin	15.4 ± 0.28	14.55 ± 0.49	16.1 ± 1.41	16.3 ± 0.70
Hematocrit	48.5 ± 0.70	46.15 ± 0.63	49.8 ± 4.52	51.05 ± 5.16
M.C.V.	51.9 ± 0.84	56.65 ± 0.21	52.45 ± 2.05	54.9 ± 5.93
M.C.H.	16.45 ± 0.35	17.85 ± 0.35	16.95 ± 0.63	17.55 ± 0.91
M.C.H.C.	31.7 ± 0.14	31.55 ± 0.63	32.35 ± 0.07	32 ± 1.83
Neutrophils	16 ± 8.34	19.84 ± 4.87	24.1 ± 7.07	21 ± 0.28
Lymphocyte	73.75 ± 8.13	71 ± 1.31	69.65 ± 3.60	65.65 ± 4.87
Monocyte	5.9 ± 1.69	6.6 ± 2.26	3.5 ± 1.27	9.8 ± 5.09
Eosinophil	4.35 ± 1.48	2.55 ± 1.48	2.75 ± 2.19	3.55 ± 0.49
Basophil	0	0	0	0
Platelet count	914 ± 139.3	1028 ± 105.38	811 ± 141.42	920 ± 55.86

Data presented as mean ± SD for n = 5. All significance levels between groups were p > 0.05.

Table 3. Biochemical parameters of Wistar rats after 30 d treatment with Ferulago carduchorum.

	250 mg/kg	500 mg/kg	1000 mg/kg	Control
Blood sugar	135 ± 0.70	153 ± 7.77	179 ± 34.64	184 ± 38.89
Blood urea	61 ± 1.41	50 ± 0.70	51 ± 3.53	62 ± 19.09
Creatinine	0.8 ± 0.00	0.75 ± 0.07	0.75 ± 0.07	0.9 ± 0.00
Uric acid	2.15 ± 0.07	1.8 ± 0.28	1.7 ± 0.56	2.15 ± 0.63
Cholesterol	74 ± 6.36	68 ± 0.00	75 ± 5.65	74 ± 11.31
Triglycerides	46 ± 18.38	54 ± 4.94	61 ± 0.70	60 ± 3.53
HDL cholesterol	24 ± 2.12	23 ± 2.12	24 ± 0.00	23 ± 4.94
LDL cholesterol	10 ± 0.70	9 ± 1.41	10 ± 2.12	9 ± 2.82
Cholesterol/HDL	3 ± 0.00	3 ± 0.00	3 ± 0.00	3 ± 0.00
LDL/HDL	0.42 ± 0.00	0.38 ± 0.09	0.44 ± 0.08	0.40 ± 0.20
Calcium	9.1 ± 0.28	9 ± 0.84	8.95 ± 0.35	9.05 ± 0.21
Phosphorus	7.25 ± 0.35	7.3 ± 0.98	8.15 ± 0.35	6.75 ± 1.06
Sodium	144 ± 0.00	142 ± 0.7	143 ± 0.00	143 ± 1.41
Potassium	4.5 ± 0.84	4.4 ± 0.00	4.4 ± 0.28	5.4 ± 0.42
Magnesium	2.25 ± 0.21	2.1 ± 0.14	2.15 ± 0.49	2.55 ± 0.21
SGOT (AST)	186 ± 31.81	139 ± 29.16	133 ± 9.89	202 ± 57.27
SGPT (ALT)	70 ± 10.6	52 ± 4.24	54 ± 2.12	83 ± 16.2
Alkaline phosphatase	321 ± 33.94	348 ± 21.21	298 ± 9.19	290 ± 70.00
Total protein	7.15 ± 0.07	6.85 ± 0.21	6.8 ± 0.28	7.05 ± 0.07
Albumin serum	3.1 ± 0.00	3.1 ± 0.14	3.35 ± 0.07	3.05 ± 0.07

Data presented as mean ± SD for n = 5. All significance levels between groups were p > 0.05.

Figure 3. Histopathological picture of liver of control and treated groups of animals. (A) The section of liver from control animals showed normal liver architecture composed of normal sinusoidal pattern and normal hepatocytes; (B), (C), and (D) The section of liver from rats treated with Ferulago carduchorum 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight exhibited normal architecture of hepatocytes indicating no toxicity of the extract (40× magnification).

Figure 4. Histopathological picture of kidney of control and treated groups of animals. (A) The section of kidney from control animals revealed normal sizes of glomeruli with normal tubules; (B), (C) and (D) The section of kidney from rats treated with Ferulago carduchorum 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight showed the normal sizes of glomeruli with normal tubules indicating safety of the extract (20× magnification).

Figure 5. Structures of the isolated coumarins from Ferulago carduchorum.

Figure 6. Anticoagulant activity of isolated coumarins from Ferulago carduchorum. *p < 0.05 versus control group.