Acute oral toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Orostachys japonicus in mice

Figures & data

Figure 1. Changes of body weights in female mice after single oral administration of EtOAc fraction of O. japonicus at dose levels of 0 (▪), 500 (▴), 1000 (Χ), or 2000

mg/kg. There were no significant differences in body weight compared with control.

Figure 2. Changes of body weights in male mice after single oral administration of EtOAc fraction of O. japonicus at dose level of 0 (▪), 500 (▴), 1000 (Χ), or 2000

mg/kg. There were no significant differences in body weight compared with control.

Table 1. Biochemical parameters of the female mice after single oral administration of EtOAc fraction of O. japonicus at dose levels of 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg.

Parameter		0	500	1000	2000
AST	U/L	145.0 ± 53.8	107.5 ± 22.9	121.3 ± 48.3	128.2 ± 18.3
ALT	U/L	65.0 ± 36.8	41.3 ± 13.9	51.3 ± 38.3	48.8 ± 7.39
ALP	U/L	122.5 ± 13.2	12.7.8 ± 12.0	138.5 ± 14.4	131.6 ± 7.80
Protein, total	g/dL	4.97 ± 0.21	5.08 ± 0.38	5.28 ± 0.43	5.16 ± 0.05
Albumin	g/dL	3.53 ± 0.21	3.35 ± 0.21	3.80 ± 0.28	3.63 ± 0.15
Globulin	mg/dL	1.52 ± 0.26	1.60 ± 0.29	1.68 ± 0.38	1.64 ± 0.33
Total cholesterol	mg/dL	94.7 ± 10.0	88.0 ± 16.0	86.0 ± 12.4	95.2 ± 8.67
Triglyceride	mg/dL	191.3 ± 24.5	197.3 ± 12.9	178.0 ± 28.2	186.4 ± 24.3
Creatinine	mg/dL	0.46 ± 0.08	0.44 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.03	0.49 ± 0.06
BUN	mg/dL	25.10 ± 0.36	17.80 ± 2.58*	20.40 ± 9.16*	21.00 ± 1.88*

AST, aspartate amino transferase; ALT, alanine amino transferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six mice.

*Significantly different from control at p < 0.05

Table 2. Biochemical parameters of the male mice after single oral administration of EtOAc fraction of O. japonicus at dose levels of 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg.

Parameter		0	500	1000	2000
AST	U/L	60.4 ± 9.10	59.3 ± 5.47	79.5 ± 11.4*	64.7 ± 16.1
ALT	U/L	28.0 ± 5.52	25.2 ± 4.71	43.6 ± 10.6*	31.0 ± 11.2
ALP	U/L	135.0 ± 12.1	144.3 ± 13.9	135.0 ± 10.6	146.8 ± 21.6
Total protein,	g/dL	5.17 ± 0.37	5.02 ± 0.24	5.20 ± 0.41	5.23 ± 0.22
Albumin	g/dL	3.23 ± 0.15	3.26 ± 0.09	3.25 ± 0.07	3.47 ± 0.15
Globulin	mg/dL	1.85 ± 0.31	1.72 ± 0.16	2.00 ± 0.40	1.72 ± 0.17
Total cholesterol	mg/dL	143.2 ± 20.5	157.33 ± 16.1	132.0 ± 24.0	140.7 ± 19.2
Triglyceride	mg/dL	181.0 ± 15.1	190.4 ± 15.4	157.3 ± 26.0	180.7 ± 24.5
Creatinine	mg/dL	0.32 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.05	0.29 ± 0.08	0.33 ± 0.05
BUN	mg/dL	21.3 ± 2.00	21.7 ± 1.64	28.0 ± 9.42	21.0 ± 1.95

AST, aspartate amino transferase; ALT, alanine amino transferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six mice.

*Significantly different from control at p < 0.05.

Figure 3. Liver tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E-stained 200×) showing the effect of EtOAc fraction of O. japonicus at dose levels of 0 (A), 500 (B), 1000 (C), or 2000 (D) mg/kg in female mice, and dose level of 0 (E), 500 (F), 1000 (G), or 2000 (H) mg/kg in male mice.

Table 3. Changes on final absolute organ weight (g) and final relative organ weight (%) of female mice after oral administration of EtOAc fraction of O. japonicus.

	Control	500	1000	2000
Mean weight (g)
Heart	0.098 ± 0.021	0.112 ± 0.012	0.112 ± 0.008	0.100 ± 0.006
Lung(L)	0.048 ± 0.010	0.060 ± 0.009	0.055 ± 0.012	0.112 ± 0.142
Lung(R)	0.068 ± 0.015	0.100 ± 0.011*	0.078 ± 0.010	0.080 ± 0.020
Kidney(L)	0.130 ± 0.011	0.133 ± 0.010	0.127 ± 0.014	0.138 ± 0.017
Kidney(R)	0.142 ± 0.010	0.145 ± 0.010	0.143 ± 0.016	0.147 ± 0.016
Liver	0.880 ± 0.100	0.883 ± 0.077	0.860 ± 0.098	0.918 ± 0.070
Thymus	0.063 ± 0.021	0.065 ± 0.012	0.070 ± 0.014	0.060 ± 0.014
Spleen	0.062 ± 0.028	0.075 ± 0.010	0.068 ± 0.012	0.078 ± 0.012
Stomach	0.157 ± 0.037	0.203 ± 0.027*	0.205 ± 0.015*	0.160 ± 0.028
Mean organ-to-terminal body weight ratios (%)
Heart	0.502 ± 0.100	0.556 ± 0.058	0.552 ± 0.037	0.485 ± 0.031
Lung(L)	0.247 ± 0.046	0.299 ± 0.045	0.272 ± 0.061	0.541 ± 0.691
Lung(R)	0.349 ± 0.069	0.498 ± 0.055*	0.387 ± 0.049	0.338 ± 0.097
Kidney(L)	0.663 ± 0.051	0.664 ± 0.051	0.626 ± 0.068	0.671 ± 0.084
Kidney(R)	0.723 ± 0.046	0.722 ± 0.052	0.708 ± 0.081	0.711 ± 0.079
Liver	4.489 ± 0.466	4.399 ± 0.383	4.250 ± 0.484	4.453 ± 0.338
Thymus	0.323 ± 0.096	0.324 ± 0.061	0.346 ± 0.070	0.291 ± 0.069
Spleen	0.315 ± 0.130	0.374 ± 0.052	0.338 ± 0.058	0.380 ± 0.057
Stomach	0.799 ± 0.171	1.013 ± 0.136*	1.013 ± 0.075*	0.776 ± 0.134

L, left side; R, right side. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six mice.

*Significantly different from control at p < 0.05.

Table 4. Changes on final absolute organ weight (g) and final relative organ weight (%) of male mice after oral administration of EtOAc fraction of O. japonicus.

	Control	500	1000	2000
Mean weight (g)
Heart	0.148 ± 0.019	0.132 ± 0.008	0.118 ± 0.012	0.110 ± 0.020
Lung(L)	0.060 ± 0.015	0.050 ± 0.006	0.047 ± 0.012	0.052 ± 0.015
Lung(R)	0.090 ± 0.017	0.097 ± 0.008	0.098 ± 0.031	0.088 ± 0.015
Kidney(L)	0.188 ± 0.008	0.177 ± 0.012	0.180 ± 0.009	0.172 ± 0.019
Kidney(R)	0.210 ± 0.020	0.187 ± 0.012	0.200 ± 0.019	0.190 ± 0.013
Liver	1.023 ± 0.056	1.037 ± 0.062	1.000 ± 0.102	1.067 ± 0.021*
Thymus	0.050 ± 0.011	0.053 ± 0.016	0.050 ± 0.013	0.060 ± 0.018
Spleen	0.067 ± 0.014	0.063 ± 0.018	0.068 ± 0.008	0.078 ± 0.012*
Stomach	0.213 ± 0.034	0.165 ± 0.029	0.170 ± 0.020	0.202 ± 0.028
Mean organ-to-terminal body weight ratios
Heart	0.628 ± 0.075	0.570 ± 0.033	0.494 ± 0.049	0.459 ± 0.083
Lung(L)	0.254 ± 0.060	0.216 ± 0.027	0.195 ± 0.051	0.216 ± 0.061
Lung(R)	0.381 ± 0.065	0.418 ± 0.035	0.411 ± 0.128	0.369 ± 0.061
Kidney(L)	0.798 ± 0.029	0.764 ± 0.052	0.752 ± 0.037	0.717 ± 0.081
Kidney(R)	0.890 ± 0.077	0.808 ± 0.052	0.836 ± 0.079	0.793 ± 0.053
Liver	4.336 ± 0.217	4.486 ± 0.269	4.178 ± 0.425	4.453 ± 0.086*
Thymus	0.212 ± 0.042	0.231 ± 0.071	0.209 ± 0.053	0.250 ± 0.075
Spleen	0.282 ± 0.053	0.274 ± 0.076	0.286 ± 0.031	0.327 ± 0.049*
Stomach	0.904 ± 0.131	0.714 ± 0.128	0.710 ± 0.084	0.842 ± 0.116

L, left side; R, right side. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six mice.

*Significantly different from control at p < 0.05.