Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities of Gouania longipetala methanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of graded doses of Gouania longipetala extract on the fasting blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

		Mean fasting blood glucose levels ± SEM (mmol/L)
Group	Treatment	0 h	1 h	3 h	6 h	24 h	% Reduction at sixth hour	% Reduction at 24th hour
1.	Tween 20 (10 ml/kg)	19.9 ± 4.02	20.2 ± 3.80	19.3 ± 4.05	20.1 ± 3.50	22.8 ± 2.45	–	–
2.	Glibenclamide (2 mg/kg)	21.8 ± 4.32	17.3 ± 3.28*	13.0 ± 3.12**	7.7 ± 1.42**	8.6 ± 1.40***	64.7	60.6
3.	GLE (50 mg/kg)	12.8 ± 1.22	8.9 ± 2.27*	7.8 ± 1.72**	6.6 ± 1.82***	7.2 ± 1.55**	48.4	43.8
4.	GLE (100 mg/kg)	15.3 ± 1.48	8.3 ± 2.31**	7.9 ± 1.76***	6.0 ± 0.65***	6.3 ± 0.42***	60.8	58.8
5.	GLE (150 mg/kg)	16.2 ± 2.03	8.5 ± 2.62***	8.3 ± 2.41***	5.2 ± 1.52***	6.5 ± 1.52***	70.1	60.0

*p < 0.01, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001 when compared with the negative control.

Figure 1. Effect of GLE on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in rats.

Figure 2. Percent antioxidant activity of G. longipetala extract in DPPH photometric assay.

Figure 3. Total antioxidant activity of GLE using FRAP assay.

Table 2. Effect of GLE on the FBS of alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated for 21 d.

		Mean fasting blood glucose levels ± (mmol/L)
Group	Treatment	Pre-diabetic FBS	Day 0	Day 1	Day 7	Day 14	Day 21	% reduction (day 21)
1.	Tween 20 (10 ml/kg)	4.1 ± 0.37	15.7 ± 0.59	14.7 ± 0.77	15.7 ± 1.48	15.8 ± 1.19	16.5 ± 0.32	–
2.	Glibenclamide (2 mg/kg)	4.2 ± 0.31	15.4 ± 1.22	8.2 ± 1.05*	6.8 ± 0.59**	6.0 ± 0.40**	4.1 ± 0.43**	73.2
3.	GLE (50 mg/kg)	4.0 ± 0.24	13.7 ± 1.30	9.0 ± 1.09*	8.4 ± 0.89**	5.8 ± 0.50**	5.2 ± 0.42**	62.0
4.	GLE (100 mg/kg)	4.0 ± 0.15	16.7 ± 1.25	10.9 ± 1.25*	7.4 ± 0.75**	5.5 ± 0.37**	4.2 ± 0.26**	74.8
5.	GLE (150 mg/kg)	3.9 ± 0.02	14.2 ± 1.04	8.0 ± 0.56*	6.4 ± 0.36**	4.4 ± 0.19**	3.6 ± 0.15**	75.0

*p < 0.001, **p < 0.0001 when compared with the negative control.

Figure 4. Effect of G. longipetala on mean body weights (g) of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Table 3. Effect of GLE on the lipid profile of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Group	Treatment	Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	Triglycerides (mg/dl)	LDL (mg/dl)	HDL (mg/dl)	VLDL (mg/dl)
1.	Tween 20 (10 ml/kg)	74.5 ± 2.50	76.5 ± 5.01	64.0 ± 2.16	15.5 ± 1.57	15.3 ± 1.80
2.	Glibenclanide (2 mg/kg)	63.7 ± 4.51*	58.2 ± 4.74**	40.8 ± 3.56**	33.3 ± 4.62***	11.8 ± 4.67*
3.	GLE (50 mg/kg)	68.5 ± 4.17	73.7 ± 3.67	51.7 ± 2.70	21.5 ± 2.03*	14.7 ± 1.53
4.	GLE (100 mg/kg)	64.6 ± 4.34*	63.7 ± 3.37*	41.6 ± 3.67**	38.3 ± 2.76***	12.7 ± 1.21*
5.	GLE (150 mg/kg)	54.2 ± 6.30**	61.5 ± 2.30*	40.5 ± 2.67**	47.8 ± 4.97***	12.3 ± 0.46*

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001 when compared with the negative control group.

Table 4. Effect of GLE on the liver enzyme markers of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Group	Treatment	AST (IU/L)	ALT (IU/L)	ALP (IU/L)	Bilirubin (mg/dl)	Total protein (g/dl)
1.	Tween 20 (10 ml/kg)	127.8 ± 2.1	123.6 ± 3.22	220.5 ± 1.20	0.51 ± 0.51	6.01 ± 1.23
2.	Glibencdanide (2 mg/kg)	86 ± 1.89*	90.0 ± 1.18*	180.0 ± 2.44*	0.50 ± 0.22	6.12 ± 1.69
3.	GLE (50 mg/kg)	124.0 ± 2.32	121.0 ± 2.44	214.1 ± 3.44	0.52 ± 1.13	6.28 ± 1.50
4.	GLE (100 mg/kg)	93. 0 ± 2.01*	91.2 ± 2.52*	193.1 ± 1.11*	0.50 ± 0.26	6.18 ± 0.37
5.	GLE (150 mg/kg)	92.3 ± 1.56*	90.0 ± 1.43*	182.4 ± 0.82*	0.52 ± 0.06	6.34 ± 0.16

*p < 0.05 when compared with the negative control group.

Table 5. Effect of GLE on the MDA levels and SOD activities of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Group	Treatment	MDA (mg/dl)	SOD (IU/l)
1.	Tween 20 (10 ml/kg)	23.0 ± 1.34	2.97 ± 0.34
2.	Glibenclamide (2 mg/kg)	15.3 ± 1.75*	3.62 ± 0.56
3.	GLE (50 mg/kg)	14.7 ± 0.56*	3.57 ± 0.79
4.	GLE (100 mg/kg)	10.7 ± 2.11**	4.55 ± 0.39**
5.	GLE (150 mg/kg)	10.3 ± 0.43**	5.80 ± 0.53**

*p < 0.01, **p < 0.001 when compared with the negative control.

Plate 1. Photomicrograph of sections of the pancreas from experimental rats after 21 d of treatment with GLE. See Table 5 for respective treatment groups. PI, pancreatic islets; AC, Acinar cell.