Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of methanol bark extract of Terminalia chebula in male albino Wistar rats

Figures & data

Table 1. The results of the quantitative analysis of physiochemical constants, the total extractive value, total ash, acid in soluble ash, water soluble ash, and loss on drying of MeOH bark extract of T. chebula.

Parameters	Results
Extractive value	17.9% w/w
Loss on drying	9.25%
Total ash	3.42%
Acid in soluble ash	2.63%
Water soluble ash	51.27%

Figure 1. The effect of MeOH bark extract of T. chebula on body and liver weights. Comparison of Wistar rats at days 1 and 30. Group II versus groups I, III, IV, V, and VI. Significant difference, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. Group I – vehicle control; Group II – negative control (high-fat diet-fed animals); Group III – positive control (treated with atorvastatin and high-fat diet); Group IV – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 200 mg/kg and high-fat diet; Group V – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 400 mg/kg and high-fat diet; Group VI – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 600 mg/kg and high-fat diet. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM from six male animals in each group.

Table 2. Effect of MeOH bark extract of T. chebula bark on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and glucose level.

Group	Serum total cholesterol (mg/dl)	Serum triglyceride (mg/dl)	HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	Serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	Serum VLDLcholesterol (mg/dl)	Glucose (mg/dl)
Group I	97.05 ± 0.933***	77.73 ± 0.660***	47.36 ± 0.604***	34.06 ± 1.420***	15.41 ± 0.193***	74.58 ± 0.775
Group II	268.10 ± 2.282	186.35 ± 2.810	26.13 ± 0.452	204.02 ± 2.284	37.33 ± 0.387	138.43 ± 0.800
Group III	116.81 ± 1.050***	91.15 ± 0.432***	56.33 ± 0.573***	42.25 ± 1.035***	18.24 ± 0.083***	93.98 ± 0.511
Group IV	239.06 ± 0.560**	171.53 ± 1.382***	30.40 ± 0.380*	174.08 ± 0.902*	34.30 ± 0.676*	120.95 ± 1.097
Group V	204.81 ± 1.167**	133.3 ± 0.497***	39.75 ± 0.395***	138.46 ± 1.366***	26.37 ± 0.360***	116.62 ± 0.582
Group VI	138.43 ± 1.899***	108.4 ± 1.874***	50.90 ± 0.598***	65.84 ± 1.472***	21.68 ± 0.374***	97.13 ± 0.329

Group I – vehicle control; Group II – negative control (high-fat diet-fed animals); Group III – positive control (treated with atorvastatin and high-fat diet); Group IV – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 200 mg/kg and high-fat diet; Group V – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 400 mg/kg and high-fat diet; Group VI – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 600 mg/kg and high-fat diet. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM from six male animals in each group.

Significant difference, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.

Table 3. Effect of MeOH extract of T. chebula bark on different cardiac risk factors.

Groups	Total cholesterol/HDL ratio	Atherogenic index	LDL/HDL ratio
Group I	2.047 ± 0.043***	1.050 ± 0.042***	0.71 ± 0.038***
Group II	10.28 ± 0.1808	9.275 ± 0.190	7.83 ± 0.167
Group III	2.07 ± 0.025***	1.074 ± 0.025***	0.74 ± 0.022***
Group IV	7.862 ± 0.096***	6.864 ± 0.096***	5.72 ± 0.081***
Group V	5.153 ± 0.069***	4.157 ± 0.068***	3.48 ± 0.062***
Group VI	2.717 ± 0.025***	1.719 ± 0.025***	1.29 ± 0.024***

LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. Group I – vehicle control; Group II – negative control (high-fat diet-fed animals); Group III – positive control (treated with atorvastatin and high-fat diet); Group IV – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 200 mg/kg and high-fat diet; Group V – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 400 mg/kg and high-fat diet; Group VI – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 600 mg/kg and high-cholesterol diet. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM from six male animals in each group.

Significant difference, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.

Figure 2. Effect of MeOH bark extract of T. chebula on liver histopathology. Representative photographs of the liver sections from the different groups. (A) Group I – vehicle control; (B) Group II – negative control (high-fat diet-fed animals) with sinusoidal capillary dilatations (arrow), fatty infiltrated hepatocytes (dotted arrow), and hepatocytes with large cytoplasmic vacuoles (*); (C) Group III – positive control (treated with atorvastatin and high fat diet); (D) Group IV – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 200 mg/kg and high-fat diet; (E) Group V – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 400 mg/kg and high-fat diet; (F) Group VI – MeOH bark extract of T. chebula 600 mg/kg and high-fat diet.