Figures & data
Figure 1. Effect of hydromethanol extract of C. pluricaulis and its fractions on the body weight of 3-NP-treated rats. Results are expressed as mean (%) change in body weight ± SD (n = 8); #p < 0.05 versus control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus 3-NP-treated rats. Results are compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. CPE, EAE, BE, and AE: hydromethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, and remaining aqueous extract of C. pluricaulis, respectively.
Figure 2. Effect of hydromethanol extract of C. pluricaulis and its fractions on the locomotor activity of 3-NP-treated rats. Results are expressed as mean total count ± SD (n = 8); #p < 0.05 versus control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus 3-NP-treated rats. Results are compared using two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferoni’s post hoc test. CPE, EAE, BE, and AE: hydromethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, and remaining aqueous extract of C. pluricaulis, respectively.
Figure 3. Effect of hydromethanol extract of C. pluricaulis and its fractions on the rotarod activity of 3-NP-treated rats. Results are expressed as mean total time of fall ± SD (n = 8); #p < 0.05 versus control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus 3-NP-treated rats. Results are compared using two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferoni’s post hoc test. CPE, EAE, BE, and AE: hydromethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, and remaining aqueous extract of C. pluricaulis, respectively.
Figure 4. Effect of hydromethanol extract of C. pluricaulis and its fractions on the narrow beam walk activity of 3-NP-treated rats. (A) Time taken to cross the beam; (B) the number of slips. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8); #p < 0.05 versus control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus 3-NP-treated rats. Results of the time taken to cross the beam were compared using two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferoni’s post hoc test; results of the number of slips were compared using one-way of analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test. CPE, EAE, BE, and AE: hydromethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, and remaining aqueous extract of C. pluricaulis, respectively.
Figure 5. Effect of hydromethanol extract of C. pluricaulis and its fractions on memory in the Morris water maze test. (A) Time taken by rats to reach platform (transfer latency); (B) time spent in the target quadrant. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8); #p < 0.05 versus control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus 3-NP-treated rats. Results of the transfer latency were compared using two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferoni’s post hoc test; results of the time spent in the target quadrant were compared using one-way of analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test. CPE, EAE, BE, and AE: hydromethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, and remaining aqueous extract of C. pluricaulis, respectively.
Figure 6. Effect of hydromethanol extract of C. pluricaulis and its fractions on various biochemical parameters. (A) MDA levels, (B) nitrite levels, (C) catalase levels, (D) SOD levels, and (E) reduced GSH levels. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8); #p < 0.05 versus control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus 3-NP-treated rats. Results were compared using one-way of analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test. CPE, EAE, BE, and AE: hydromethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, and remaining aqueous extract of C. pluricaulis, respectively.
