Effect of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) or their combination on glycated hemoglobin, lipogenic enzymes, and lipid metabolism of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. Serum glucose levels of rats. Values are means ± SD of three determinations. ^a–cMeans with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Figure 2. Glycated hemoglobin levels of rats. Values are means ± SD of three determinations. ^a–cMeans with different superscripts for each parameter are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Figure 3. Atherogenic and Coronary Risk Indices of rats (units); values are means ± SD of three determinations. ^a–cMeans with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 1. Lipid profile (mg/dL) of rats.

Groups	Chol	Tri	VLDL	HDL	LDL
Group 1	89.15 ± 13.76^a	112.09 ± 23.33^a	22.42 ± 4.66^a	37.34 ± 6.10^d	29.39 ± 6.77^a
Group 2	167.95 ± 17.95^c	183.23 ± 21.58^d	36.65 ± 4.32^d	22.01 ± 1.30^a	109.30 ± 12.72^d
Group 3	97.92 ± 15.53^a	120.82 ± 19.94^a	24.17 ± 3.99^a	32.14 ± 2.69^c	41.62 ± 15.92^b
Group 4	96.85 ± 4.16^a	132.60 ± 15.35^b	26.52 ± 3.07^b	30.77 ± 3.89^c	39.56 ± 5.27^b
Group 5	123.46 ± 31.30^b	149.77 ± 44.76^c	29.95 ± 7.36^c	25.46 ± 5.63^b	68.05 ± 28.56^c

Values are means ± SD. Chol, cholesterol; Tri, triacylglycerol.

^a–dMeans with different superscripts along each column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 2. Lipogenic enzyme activities in the liver of rats (units/g).

Groups	Isocitrate dehydrogenase	Malic enzyme	G6PD
Group 1	2.80 ± 0.43^c	2.48 ± 0.41^c	2.80 ± 0.37^c
Group 2	1.62 ± 0.29^a	1.48 ± 0.16^a	1.69 ± 0.69^a
Group 3	2.91 ± 1.02^c	2.80 ± 0.59^c	2.73 ± 0.24^c
Group 4	2.81 ± 0.32^c	2.54 ± 0.09^c	2.67 ± 0.13^c
Group 5	2.27 ± 0.47^b	1.99 ± 0.32^b	1.97 ± 0.10^b

Values are means ± SD. One unit of enzyme activity is defined as one μmol NADPH formed per gram fresh weight of tissue per min at 25 °C.

^a–cMeans with different superscripts (column) are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Body weight of rats (g).

Groups	Initial weight	Final weight	Percentage change
Group 1	175.75 ± 24.58^b	203.00 ± 13.04^e	−15.50 (increase)
Group 2	169.20 ± 38.52^b	116.40 ± 15.63^b	31.21 (decrease)
Group 3	221.00 ± 21.79^c	179.25 ± 10.50^d	18.89 (decrease)
Group 4	183.00 ± 32.49^b	146.50 ± 37.46^c	19.95 (decrease)
Group 5	154.20 ± 20.92^a	110.20 ± 16.15^a	28.53 (decrease)

Values are means ± SD.

^a–eMeans with different superscripts (column) are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 4. Feed intake per rat (g/week).

Groups	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4
Group 1	118.22 ± 7.43^a	127.05 ± 8.97^b	122.00 ± 12.37^b	133.34 ± 1.32^b
Group 2	117.07 ± 5.88^a	121.95 ± 9.11^b	119.60 ± 3.99^a	120.84 ± 5.77^a
Group 3	119.56 ± 2.54^a	106.29 ± 5.75^a	140.24 ± 0.88^c	126.38 ± 4.33^a
Group 4	119.21 ± 1.97^a	104.55 ± 8.13^a	123.54 ± 7.50^b	121.21 ± 7.55^a
Group 5	120.72 ± 3.14^a	140.24 ± 6.33^c	118.48 ± 10.10^a	124.76 ± 6.88^a

Values are means ± SD.

^a–cMeans with different superscripts (column) are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 5. Phytochemical composition of test and standard rat feeds (%).

Groups	Saponin	Alkaloid	Tannin	Flavonoids
Unripe plantain	0.34 ± 0.03^c	0.29 ± 0.02^c	0.25 ± 0.01^b	0.42 ± 0.07^c
Unripe plantain +   cocoyam	0.23 ± 0.03^b	0.16 ± 0.02^b	0.11 ± 0.08^a	0.24 ± 0.03^b
Cocoyam	0.51 ± 0.04^d	0.37 ± 0.05^d	0.28 ± 0.03^b	0.64 ± 0.10^d
Standard rat feeds	0.10 ± 0.02^a	0.08 ± 0.03^a	0.13 ± 0.03^a	0.17 ± 0.07^a

Values are means ± SD. ^a–dMeans with different superscripts (column) are significantly different (p < 0.05).