Aquaporin-7 expression during coronary artery bypass grafting with Diazoxide

Figures & data

Table I. Demographics of Controls and patients with Diazoxide.

	Control (n = 8)	Diazoxide (n = 8)
Male, n	3	7
Hypertension, n	4	5
Diabetes, n	3	2
Hypercholesterolemia, n	1	3
Family history for CAD, n	2	2
Tobacco, n	3	5
Ejection fraction >45%, n	3	6
Creatinine <100 mmol/l, n	2	6
Hemoglobin >100 g/l, n	2	6
3- vessel CAD, n	5	8
2- vessel CAD, n	3	0
Sinus rhythm, n	8	7
Atrial fibrillation, n	0	1
Ace- inhibitor, n	6	4
Atorvastatin, n	4	6
B- blocker, n	1	6
NSAID, n	3	5
Stroke, n	1	2
Myocardial infarction, n	0	2
Psoriasis, n	1	1
CK-MB U/ l, mean ± sem	23.25 ± 3.43	23.57 ± 3.51
TNT mg/ l, mean ± sem	0.48 ± 0.09	0.69 ± 0.24

Ace- inhibitor, Angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor; CAD, coronary artery disease; CK-MB, creatinine kinase; n, number; NSAID, non- steroid anti-inflammatory drug; TNT, Troponin T.

Table II. Perioperative hemodynamics.

	Control (n = 8)		Diazoxide (n = 8)
	Base line	End of operation	Base line	End of operation
HR, beat/min	60 ±4	68 ± 2	65 ±3	66 ± 6
MAP, mmHg	99 ± 5	78± 5	88 ±4	66 ± 5
CO, l/min	5.7 ± 0.6	5.2± 0.5	5.3 ±0.4	4.3 ± 0.4
CI, l/min m^2	2.9 ± 0.2	10.8± 8.1	2.8 ±0.2	2.3 ± 0.3

Data represented as mean±standard error of the mean. No significant differences between the groups.

CI, cardiac index; CO, cardiac output; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure.

Figure 1. Representative histology of right atrium before (A) and during (B) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Note increased vacuolized and dark sharp-edged intramyocardial nuclei indicating tissue edema and ischemia shown with arrows in B.

Table III. Postoperative hemodynamics.

	Control (n = 8)				Diazoxide (n = 8)
	1 h	6 h	12 h	24 h	1 h	6 h	12 h	24 h
HR, beat/ min	75 ± 2	83 ± 4	83 ± 5	85 ± 6	75 ± 5	88 ± 6	90 ± 5	95 ± 5
MAP, mmHg	76 ± 5	81 ± 3	87 ± 3	88 ± 3	74 ± 6	79 ± 6	80 ± 4	85 ± 4
CO, l/min	5.4 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.6	6.0 ± 0.6	5.9 ± 0.6	5.2 ± 0.4	4,7 ± 0.4	5.3 ± 0.5	5.7 ± 0.5
CI, l/min m^2	2.5 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.3	3.1 ± 0.3	3.0 ± 0.2	2.8 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.2	2.6 ± 0.3	2.7 ± 0.3

Data represented as mean standard error of the mean. No significant differences between the groups.

CI, cardiac index; CO, cardiac output; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure.

Table IV. Histology of right atrium.

	Control (n = 8)		Diazoxide (n = 8)
	Base line	End of operation	Base line	End of operation
Edema, PSU ± sem	1.9 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.5
Arterial vacuolization, PSU ± sem	1.4 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 0.5
Periadventitial inflammation, n		3		1
Hemorrhage, n		1		1

Data represented as mean ± standard error of the mean. No significant differences between the groups.

PSU, Point score unit; n, number.

Figure 2. Aquaporin-7 during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Controls and in patients with Diazoxide. Dark thick line indicates base line (+ 1) Aquaporin-7 expression before CABG to which Fold Change values during CABG were compared within each patient.

Figure 3. Aquaporin-7 change/ histological damage score change during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Controls (black boxes) and in patients with Diazoxide (open triangles). Median is shown in each group with a horizontal line. In comparison with histological damage score change, Aquaporin-7 change after CABG was significantly decreased in patients with Diazoxide treatment (p < 0.05, Power 0.84).