Effective attenuation of atrazine-induced histopathological changes in testicular tissue by antioxidant N-phenyl-4-aryl-polyhydroquinolines

Figures & data

Scheme 1. Synthesis of N-phenyl-4-aryl-polyhydroxyquinolines 6.

Table 1. In vitro antioxidant activities of compounds 6 through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods.

Compound (1 mM)	DPPH%	ABTS%	FRAP μM TE/mM
6a	63.3 ± 1.8	90.2 ± 0.6	–
6b	4.6 ± 1.1	23.2 ± 1.6	–
6c	–	65.3 ± 1.9	–
6d	26.6 ± 0.3	77.1 ± 1.3	–
6e	79.9 ± 0.07	97.2 ± 0.1	42.37 ± 0.3
6f	72.1 ± 1.1	96.9 ± 0.1	37.85 ± 1.5
6g	73.0 ± 1.2	97.3 ± 0.2	269.41 ± 2.09
Ascorbic acid	97.4 ± 0.2	>100	306.02 ± 8.13
BHT	77.4 ± 0.6	15.3 ± 0.7	23.26 ± 0.45

Figure 1. Graph showing antioxidant potential of compounds in linoleic acid system by FTC method.

Figure 2. Photomicrograph of testicular tissue (a) showing normal arrangement of different types of germ cells [spermatogonia (Sg), spermatocytes (Sp), spermatids (Sd) & sperms (Spm)] in control group; (b) treated with atrazine (100 nmol/ml) showing a number of pycnotic nuclei (P), crescent-shaped nuclei (arrow), chromolysis (ch) and vacuolization (V) within the seminiferous tubule; (c) treated with atrazine (100 nmol/ml) supplemented with compound 6e showing reduction in atretic changes induced by atrazine after 6 h of exposure; (d) treated with atrazine (100 nmol/ml) supplemented with compound 6g showing decline in number of chromolysis, condensation and fragmentation; (e) treated with atrazine (100 nmol/ml) supplemented with compound 6f showing protection against atrazine-induced cytotoxicity. H&E (×1000).