Inhibition properties of propolis extracts to some clinically important enzymes

Figures & data

Table 1. IC₅₀ values of each enzymes and antioxidant properties and location of the ethanolic propolis extracts*.

Samples	Location	Total phenolic contents mg GAE/g	Total flavonoids mg Q/100g	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase IC50 (mg/mL)	Inhibition of xanthine oxidase IC50 (mg/mL)	Inhibition of urease IC50 (mg/mL)
P1	Ankara, Turkey	138.812 ± 3.831^abc	65.406 ± 7.803^bc	1.340 ± 0.020^d	0.188 ± 0.010^b	0.144 ± 0.009^ab
P2	Kars, Turkey	170.461 ± 8.090^c	72.215 ± 4.605^c	0.340 ± 0.045^b	0.195 ± 0.002^b	0.170 ± 0.027^ab
P3	Nahcıvan, Azerbaycan	88.675 ± 4.562^a	37.526 ± 7.810^a	1.353 ± 0.062^d	0.763 ± 0.011^d	1.560 ± 0.045^f
P4	Erzurum	150.013 ± 10.643^abc	65.580 ± 3.250^bc	0.315 ± 0.014^ab	0.165 ± 0.004^b	0.411 ± 0.398^d
P5	Zonguldak, Turkey	261.055 ± 2.500^e	150.412 ± 12.505^e	0.081 ± 0.009^a	0.074 ± 0.011^a	0.080 ± 0.006^a
P6	Düzce, Turkey	138.321 ± 6.043^abc	52.243 ± 1.452^abc	0.882 ± 0.022^c	0.356 ± 0.031^b	0.301 ± 0.027^cd
P7	Giresun, Turkey	114.207 ± 7.207^abc	45.086 ± 3.004^abc	1.053 ± 0.016^c	0.387 ± 0.017^b	0.240 ± 0.017^bc
P8	Red, propolis, Brazil	220.205 ± 5.101^d	98.303 ± 1.702^d	0.221 ± 0.013^ab	0.317 ± 0.023^b	0.680 ± 0.051^e
AA				–	–	25.110 ± 0.120
Allopurinol				–	0.520 ± 0.010	–
Donepezil				16.800 ± 0.110	–	–

*Means ± standard deviations; different letters in the same lines are significantly different at the 5% level (p < 0.05). IC₅₀ values of acetohydroxamic acid (AA), donepezil and allopurinol were given in terms of μg/mL.

Table 2. Correlations between studied parameters.

		Total phenolic contents	Total flavonoids	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase	Inhibition of xanthine oxidase	Inhibition of urease
Total phenolic contents	Pearson Correlation	1	0.950**	−0.679**	−0.542**	−0.371
	p, Sig. (two-tailed)		0.000	0.000	0.006	0.074
	N	24	24	24	24	24
Total flavonoids	Pearson Correlation	0.950**	1	−0.640**	−0.563**	−0.364
	p, Sig. (two-tailed)	0.000		0.001	0.004	0.080
	N	24	24	24	24	24
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase	Pearson Correlation	−0.679**	−0.640**	1	0.646**	0.372
	p, Sig. (two-tailed)	0.000	0.001		0.001	0.073
	N	24	24	24	24	24
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase	Pearson Correlation	−0.542**	−0.563**	0.646**	1	0.882**
	p, Sig. (two-tailed)	0.006	0.004	0.001		0.000
	N	24	24	24	24	24
Inhibition of urease	Pearson Correlation	−0.371	−0.364	0.372	0.882**	1
	p, Sig. (two-tailed)	0.074	0.080	0.073	0.000
	N	24	24	24	24	24

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).