Change in paternity and recurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum

Figures & data

Table I.  Demographic characteristics.

	No change Mean (260)	Partner-changed Mean (58)	p-Value	C.I
Year-born	1975	1974	0.6025	(−1.3869, 2.3750)
Number of pregnancies	2.87	3.38	0.0112	(−0.8940, 0.1185)
Race (Caucasian)	245 (94%)	50 (86%)	0.0986	(−0.0154, 0.1758)
Weight (pounds)	143.41	132.6607	0.0072	(2.9748, 18.5254)
Height (inches)	65.23	64.6909	0.2772	(−0.4447, 1.5298)
Living children	2 (1.98)	2 (1.8)	0.3920	(−0.1735, 0.4377)
Voluntary termination (No change: 171 Partner change: 54)	29 (12%)	32 (59%)	< 0.001	(−0.6139, −0.3316)
Pregnancy losses (No change: 244 Partner change: 55)	101 (41%)	22 (16%)	0.8507	(−0.1329, 0.1607)
Country (USA)	250 (96%)	54 (93%)	0.3947	(−0.0405, 0.1015)
Partner’s race (Caucasian)	234 (90%)	40 (69%)	0.0016	(0.0825, 0.3382)
Race of mother and partner (Different)	45 (17%)	23 (39%)	0.003	(−0.3508, −0.0750)
Delivery method (Cesarean) (No change: 168, Partner change: 19)	25 (15%)	1 (5%)	0.0931	(−0.0175, 0.2151)
Baby’s sex Male (No change: 167, Partner change: 19)	67(40%)	6(32%)	0.4691	(–0.1548, 0.3158)
Percentage of HG pregnancies = number of HG pregnancies/ Total number of pregnancies	78%	71%	0.0743	(−0.7206, 15.0832)

Table II.  Comparison of first and second pregnancies.

1 & 2nd pregnancy	No change Average (255)	Partner-changed Average (40)	p-Value	C.I
Year born	1975	1975	0.9586	(−2.17, 2.2857)
Birth age at 1st pregnancy	27	21	<0.001	(4.8965, 7.6207)
Birth age at 2nd pregnancy	29	28	0.0850	(−0.2399, 3.5863)
Number of pregnancies	3	3	0.2811	(−0.6381, 0.1891)
Race (Caucasian)	240 (94%)	33 (83%)	0.0703	(−0.01, 0.2424)
1st partner’s race (Caucasian)	230 (90%)	24 (60%)	<0.01	(0.1394, 0.4645)
Different races of women & 1st partner	28 (11%)	16 (40%)	<0.01	(−0.4532, −0.1272)
2nd partner’s race (Caucasian)	228 (89%)	33 (83%)	0.2844	(−0.0593, 0.1975)
Different races of mother & 2nd partner	29 (11%)	11 (28%)	0.0351	(−0.3107, −0.0118)
Different races of 1st partner & 2nd partner	0	14 (35%)	<0.001	(−0.5045, −0.1955)
Delivery method (Cesarean)	13 (8%)	4 (13%)	0.3933	(−0.1919, 0.1333)
1st baby’s sex (male)	78 (41%)	5 (36%)	0.7261	(−0.2442, 0.3425)
2nd baby’s sex (male )	98 (49%)	13 (42%)	0.4398	(−0.1202, 0.2714)
Living children	2.02	1.7	0.0612	(−0.0156, 0.6548)
Voluntary termination	29 (11%)	24 (60%)	<0.01	(−0.6494, −0.3232)
HG in 2nd pregnancy	193 (74%)	39 (67%)	0.306	(−0.0651, 0.6724)

Table III.  Treatment for HG in second pregnancy.

	Control group (number)	Partner-changed (number)	p-Value	C.I
Second pregnancy	273	45
Intravenous fluids	154 (60%)	27 (68%)	0.3844	(−0.2336, 0.0915)
Phenergan	117 (46%)	18 (45%)	0.9183	(−0.1629, 0.1806)
Reglan	84 (33%)	18 (45%)	0.1619	(−0.2912, 0.05)
Total parenteral nutrition	36 (14%)	4 (10%)	0.4385	(−0.0645, 0.1469)
Zofran	146 (57%)	21 (53%)	0.5818	(−0.1246, 0.2197)

Table IV.  Comparison of nausea and vomiting ratings.

	Control group (No change) Average	Partner-changed groupAverage	p-Value	C.I
1st pregnancy HG rate	4.1	3.8	0.095	(−0.0683, 0.8267)
2nd Pregnancy HG rate	4.4	4.5	0.392	(−0.5171, 0.2058)
Rate difference	0.9	1.3	0.1546	(−0.8047, 0.1312)