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Original Article

The effect of rate stress on the auditory brainstem response in autism: A preliminary report

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Pages 129-140 | Received 18 Feb 2009, Accepted 25 Aug 2009, Published online: 15 Feb 2010
 

Abstract

Abstract

Efforts to correlate peripheral neurophysiologic function with perceptional deficits seen in autistic disorder (AD) have resulted in mixed findings, reflecting the high degree of heterogeneity observed in these individuals. We used the auditory brainstem response to study the effect of stress (high click presentation rate) on the auditory system in 20 children with AD (7–13 years) and 20 age-matched typically developing (TD) children. We report latency prolongations in children with AD vs. TD at waves I, III, and V that differed by ear of presentation: overall, left ear showed significant prolongations by group while right ear did not. The ‘stressed’ condition produced prolongations for both groups at each wave. At wave V, children with AD showed significant prolongations vs. TD, particularly for the right ear. For children with AD, wave V latency prolongations corresponded to language outcome as measured by VIQ, with longer prolongations associating with lower VIQ. Preliminary results provide evidence for reduced synaptic efficiency in auditory pathways in children with AD, which may form the neural bases for sensory reactivity and language impairment.

Sumario

Los esfuerzos para correlacionar la función neurofisiológica periférica con los déficits de percepción que se observan en el trastorno autístico (AD) han producido hallazgos mixtos que reflejan el alto grado de heterogeneidad que se aprecia en estos individuos. Usamos la respuesta auditiva de tallo cerebral para estudiar el efecto de tasas elevadas de presentación de clicks al sistema auditivo de 20 niños con AD (7-13 años) y de otros 20, pareados en edad, con desarrollo típico (TD). Reportamos latencias prolongadas en niños con AD vs. TD en las ondas I, III y V que difirieron según el oído estimulado. Globalmente, el oído izquierdo mostró prolongaciones significativas por grupo, mientras que no fue así con el oído derecho. La condición de “alta estimulación” produjo prolongaciones en ambos grupos y con cada una de las ondas. En la onda V, los niños con AD mostraron prolongaciones significativas vs. los niños TD, particularmente con el oído derecho. En niños con AD, las prolongaciones de latencia de la onda V, correspondieron a resultados lingüísticos medidos con VIQ, con prolongaciones aun mayores que se asociaron con niveles VIQ más bajos. Los resultados preliminares proporcionan evidencias de eficiencia sináptica reducida en las vías auditivas de niños con AD, que pueden ser el fundamento neural de la reactividad sensorial y de los impedimentos del lenguaje.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the children and their families for participating in this study. We thank Yvonne Sininger, PhD, for a thoughtful review of an earlier version of this manuscript. This investigation was financially supported by grant R21 DC-07236 (author Gage) and grant P01 HD-35458 (author Spence) from the National Institutes of Health. Preliminary findings from this investigation were presented at the International Congress of Audiology, September, 2006, Innsbruck, Austria (author Fujikawa-Brooks) and at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, May 2007, New York City, (author Gage).

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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