Relation Between Quality of Life and Morbidity and Mortality in COPD Patients: Two-Year Follow-Up Study

Figures & data

Table 1.  Baseline characteristics of the patients

	Alive (n = 170)	Dead (n = 81)	p
Age (year)	64.4 ± 8.4	68.1 ± 9.2	.002
Gender (M–F)%	86.5–13.5	87.6–12.4	>.05
Body mass index	25.2 ± 2.1	24.9 ± 1.9	>.05
Disease duration (year)	6.7 ± 4.9	7.7 ± 5.2	>.05
Presence of cardiac comorbidity, n (%)	68 (40%)	52 (64%)	.001
Current smoke, n (%)	25 (14.7%)	19 (23.5%)	.002
Usage of corticosteroid therapy, n (%)	51 (30%)	28 (34.5%)	>.05
Long-term oxygen therapy, n (%)	10 (5.9%)	8 (9.1%)	>.05
FEV1 (lt)	1.42 ± 0.46	1.02 ± 0.32	.000
FEV1 (% predicted)	50.7 ± 12.4	39.0 ± 11.6	.000
GOLD staging
Stage 2, n (%)	89 (52.3%)	11 (13.6%)
Stage 3, n (%)	75 (44.1%)	56 (69.1%)
Stage 4, n (%)	6 (3.6%)	14 (17.3)
St. George Respiratory Questionnaire
Symptoms	48.3 ± 12.3	60.7 ± 13.5	.000
Activity	53.0 ± 14.8	71.1 ± 14.5	.000
Impact	37.1 ± 14.3	54.6 ± 14.9	.000
Total	43.5 ± 13.2	60.4 ± 13.5	.000
First exacerbation day	286.2 ± 129.2	158.7 ± 88.1	.000
Total number of exacerbations	2.5 ± 2.3	3.5 ± 1.8	.002
Total number of hospitalizations	1.1 ± 1.5	2.8 ± 1.6	.000
Total duration of hospitalization (days)	15.1 ± 23.6	39.3 ± 23.4	.000
Total number of hospitalizations in an intensive care unit	0.3 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 1.1	.000
Total number of intubations	0.1 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.5	.000

Table 2.  Adjusted association (Cox models) between baseline health-related quality of life and complete follow-up mortality by different mortality events

	All causes of mortality		Respiratory causes of mortality		Nonrespiratory causes of mortality
	Standard HR	HR (95% CI)	Standard HR	HR (95% CI)	Standard HR	HR (95% CI)
Total score	1.05	1.05 (1.02–1.07)	1.03	1.04 (1.00–1.07)	1.05	1.05 (1.02–1.08)
Cardiac comorbidity	2.82	2.80 (1.74–4.51)	2.36	2.47 (1.27–4.82)	4.99	4.29 (2.22–9.03)
FEV1 (%predicted)	0.96	0.96 (0.94–0.99)	0.93	0.92 (0.88–0.97)	0.98	0.98 (0.94–1.03)
Age (year)	1.04	1.04 (1.02–1.07)	1.03	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	1.11	1.11 (1.05–1.17)

Figure 1.  Kaplan–Meier survival curves according to tertiles of SGRQ total score.

Table 3.  Spearman correlation between FEV₁ values, SGRQ scores and morbidity parameters

	FEV1 (% predicted) r		SGRQ Symptom score r		SGRQ Activity score r		SGRQ Impact score r		SGRQ Total score r
	Alive	Dead	Alive	Dead	Alive	Dead	Alive	Dead	Alive	Dead
First exacerbation day	0.39	0.45	0.40	0.31	0.37	0.38	0.37	0.40	0.41	0.42
Total number of exacerbations	0.47	0.27	0.44	0.1	0.45	0.04	0.42	0.19	0.47	0.12
Total number of hospitalizations	0.44	0.45	0.39	0.34	0.37	0.25	0.36	0.36	0.40	0.32
Total duration of hospitalization (days)	0.44	0.41	0.38	0.33	0.36	0.31	0.35	0.40	0.39	0.37
Total number of hospitalizations in an intensive care unit	0.33	0.62	0.33	0.52	0.36	0.48	0.33	0.51	0.37	0.51
Total number of intubations	0.31	0.42	0.24	0.40	0.24	0.36	0.27	0.31	0.28	0.33