Association of Genetic Polymorphism of GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTM3 in COPD Patients in a North Indian Population

Figures & data

Figure 1.  GSTM3 allele A 79bp and allele B 76bp (3bp deletion in B allele).

Table 1.  Demographic characteristic of COPD cases and controls according to GOLD criteria^*

	Control n = 208	Cases n = 204	p-value
Sex
Male (n,%)	166 (79.8%)	179 (87.7%)	0.058
Female (n,%)	42 (20.2%)	25 (12.3%)
Age (Mean ± SD)	56.35 ± 8.12	57.83 ± 10.58	0.111
Smoking History
Smoker(n,%)	50 (24.0%)	148(72.5%)
NonSmoker (n,%)	158 (76.0%)	56 (27.5%)
Pack-year (Mean ± SD)	13.51 ± 6.97	23.67 ± 17.89	0.001
Pulmonary function test
FEV1% (Predicted) post ± SD	80.82 ± 23.36	40.34 ± 12.96	0.001
FVC% (Post) ± SD	84.75 ± 19.80	53.31 ± 12.90	0.034
FEV1/FVC% (Pre) ± SD	94.54 ± 14.04	54.85 ± 14.22	0.001

^*Data are presented as n (%) or Mean ± Standard deviation, ^†person who reported smoking more than 1 cigarette per day for at least 12 month were defined as cigarette smokers. COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Gold = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive lung disease; FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC = forced vital capacity; Non-smoker (farmer, factory work, person who reported regularly chewing betal nut <2 times per week for at least 6 months were, FEV₁/FV; C <70%).

Table 2.  Frequency distribution of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTM3 between COPD cases and control

	Controls		Cases
	N = 208	Percentage	N = 204	Percentage	OR (95%CI) P-value
GSTT1 Present	157	75.5%	168	82.4%	1 Reference
GSTT1 Null	51	24.5%	36	17.6%	0.66 (0.41–1.06) 0.092
GSTM1 Present	130	62.5%	80	39.2%	1 Reference
GSTM1 Null	78	37.5%	124	60.8%	2.58 (1.73–3.84) 0.001
GSTM3 intron 6 3-bp deletion (rs1799735)
AA	145	69.7%	132	64.7%	1 Reference
AB	60	28.8%	70	34.3%	1.75 (0.28–10.82) 0.547
BB	3	1.4%	2	1.0%	1.36 (0.23–8.30) 0.735
A	350	84.1%	334	81.9%	1 Reference
B	66	15.9%	74	18.1%	0.85 (0.59–1.22) 0.386

^*adjusted for age and sex; OR = adjusted odd ratio; CI = confidence intervals.

Table 3.  Association of GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTM3 polymorphism with COPD cases and control on basis of cigarette smoking

		Controls = 208	Cases = 204	P-value	OR (95%CI)
Smoker	GSTT1Present	35 (70.0%)	123(83.1%)	0.065	1Reference
	GSTT1 Null	15 (30.0%)	25 (16.9%)		0.47 (0.23–0.99)
Non-Smoker	GSTT1 Present	122 (77.2%)	45 (80.4%)	0.789	1
	GSTT1 Null	36 (22.8%)	11 (19.6%)		0.83 (0.38–1.76)
Smoker	GSTM1 Present	37 (74.0%)	61 (41.2%)	0.001	1
	GSTM1 Null	13 (26.0%)	87 (58.8%)		4.05 (1.99–8.27)
Non-Smoker	GSTM1 Present	93 (58.9%)	19 (33.9%)	0.002	1
	GSTM1 Null	65 (41.1%)	37 (66.1%)		2.78 (1.47–5.27)
Smoker	GSTM3 AA	33 (66.0%)	92 (62.2%)	0.735	1
	GSTM3 AB+BB	17 (34.0%)	56 (37.8%)		1.18 (0.60–2.32)
Non-Smoker	GSTM3 AA	112 (70.9%)	40 (71.4%)	1.00	1
	GSTM3 AB+BB	46 (29.1%)	14 (28.6%)		0.97 (0.49–1.91)

^*Adjusted for age and sex; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence intervals.