Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Hypogonadism in Men with COPD

Figures & data

Table 1  Characteristics of men with COPD who experienced significant depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥ 11) and without such symptoms (*)

	Significant depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 11)
	Present	Absent
Variable	(n = 36)	(n = 68)	P-value
GDS, score	17±1	5±1	< 0.0001
Age, years	66 ± 1	71 ± 1	< 0.001
Hypogonadism, n (%)	14 (39%)	21 (31%)	0.411
Free-testosterone, pg/ml (IQR)	36 (27-61)	37 (29-51)	0.932
Total testosterone, ng/dl	362 (256-571)	332 (263-421)	0.315
Luteinizing hormone, mIU/ml	6 ± 1	7 ± 1	0.577
FEV1,% predicted	42 ± 3	44 ± 2	0.421
BODE-index, median (IQR)	5 (3-7)	2.5 (1-4)	0.001
Charlson's Co-morbidity-Index	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	0.969
Married/cohabitating, n (%)	15 (42%)	47 (69%)	0.007
Active smoking, n (%)	16 (44%)	17 (25%)	0.043
Completed high school or above, n (%)	12 (32%)	28 (41%)	0.434

(*) 8% of men who experienced significant depressive symptoms and 9% without such symptoms were African American. All the rest were Caucasians.

Definition of abbreviation: GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; IQR = interquartile range; FEV₁ = forced expiratory flow in one second. Data are means ± SE, median (interquartile range) and percentage.

Table 2  Multivariable logistic analysis to determine relationship between significant depressive symptoms and patients’ characteristics

Variable	Odd Ratio	95% CI	p-value
Hypogonadism	1.04	0.37 to 2.88	0.94
BODE-index	1.40	1.12 to 1.75	0.003
Lack of partner	2.73	1.02 to 7.30	0.045
Age	0.93	0.87 to 0.99	0.021
Active smoking	2.02	0.70 to 5.88	0.20
Charlson Co-morbidity-Index	0.93	0.63 to 1.37	0.70
Education (≥12 years)	0.83	0.30 to 2.26	0.71