Alcohol Use Predicts ER Visits in Individuals with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) Associated COPD

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Recruitment flow diagram.

Table 1.  Demographic and health characteristics of the sample at baseline (N = 538)

Variable	N (%)
Sex
Male	271 (50.4)
Female	267 (49.6)
Highest Level of Education
Grade 12 or less	155 (28.8)
College 1 to 3 years	203 (37.7)
College graduate or more	180 (33.5)
Annual Household Income
$35,000 or less	157 (30.4)
Between $35,001 and $75,000	185 (35.9)
$75,001 or more	174 (33.7)
Race/ethnicity
Caucasian non-Hispanic	527 (98.5)
Black non-Hispanic	2 (0.4)
Hispanic	4 (0.7)
Other	2 (0.4)
Lifetime Tobacco Exposure
Never smoked	165 (30.7)
1 to 20 pack years	197 (36.6)
More than 20 pack years	176 (32.7)
Genotype
Severely deficient	442 (82.2)
Not severely deficient	45 (8.4)
Unknown	51 (9.5)
Currently Using Oxygen for COPD
Yes	276 (51.3)
Current Smoker
Yes	13 (2.5)
Ever Undergone Augmentation Therapy
Yes	417 (77.5)
CAGE Problem Drinking
No	457 (86.2)
Yes	73 (13.8)
Recent Alcohol Consumption Classification
No alcohol consumption in past week	264 (51.3)
Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption in past week	212 (41.2)
Heavy drinking in past week	39 (7.6)
Variable	M (SD)
Age	59.7 (9.8)
Symptoms of depression (HADS)	5.4 (3.6)
Symptoms of anxiety (HADS)	6.4 (4.1)

Note: all categories do not add to 538 due to missing data.

Table 2.  Results of simultaneous multiple logistic regression models to predict problem drinking (N = 538)

	Primary Analysis (CAGE is Dependent Variable)	Secondary Analysis (Recent Alcohol Use Classification is Dependent Variable)
	OR (95% CI for OR) p	OR (95% CI for OR) p
Age	0.97 (0.95 –1.00) 0.086	0.98 (0.94 –1.02) 0.271
Sex
Male	Reference	Reference
Female	0.44 (0.25 –0.77) 0.004	1.69 (0.82 –3.50) .155
Highest Level of Education
Grade 12 or less	0.27 (0.13 –0.58) 0.001	0.17 (0.05 –0.54) 0.003
College 1 to 3 years	0.53 (0.29 –0.97) 0.039	0.63 (0.29 –1.34) 0.227
College graduate or more	Reference	Reference
Lifetime Tobacco Exposure
Never smoked	Reference	Reference
1 to 20 pack years	1.70 (0.81 –3.57) 0.161	6.50 (1.81 –23.37) 0.004
More than 20 pack years	2.39 (1.12 –5.10) 0.024	6.73 (1.80 –25.21) 0.005
Genotype
Severely deficient	Reference	Reference
Not severely deficient	0.63 (0.18 –2.25) 0.474	0.36 (0.04 –3.32) 0.371
Unknown	0.77 (0.30 –1.99) 0.590	1.58 (0.54 –4.64) 0.408
Using Oxygen for COPD
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.21 (0.67 –2.19) 0.535	0.56 (0.26 –1.23) 0.149
Augmentation Therapy
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.76 (0.35 –1.63) 0.472	1.10 (0.43 –2.84) 0.846
Symptoms of Depression	0.95 (0.86 –1.05) 0.304	1.05 (0.93 –1.19) 0.453
Symptoms of Anxiety	1.11 (1.02 –1.21) 0.015	0.99 (0.89 –1.11) 0.864

Table 3.  Results of simultaneous multiple logistic regression models to predict ER use (N = 330)

	Primary Analysis (CAGE is Predictor)	Secondary Analysis (Recent Alcohol Consumption Classification is Predictor)
	OR (95% CI for OR) p	OR (95% CI for OR) p
CAGE Problem Drinking
No	Reference	NOT IN MODEL
Yes	1.81 (0.86 –3.81) 0.118
Recent Alcohol Consumption	NOT IN MODEL
No consumption in past week		0.32 (0.10 –0.97) 0.043
Low-to-moderate in past week		0.25 (0.08 –0.77) 0.016
Problem drinking in past week		Reference
Age	1.02 (0.99 –1.05) 0.195	1.02 (0.99 –1.05) 0.262
Sex
Male	Reference	Reference
Female	1.04 (0.59 –1.86) 0.883	0.85 (0.46 –1.55) .589
Highest Level of Education
Grade 12 or less	1.19 (0.56 –2.56) 0.651	1.06 (0.48 –2.35) 0.888
College 1 to 3 years	1.69 (0.84 –3.41) 0.143	1.75 (0.86 –3.57) 0.121
College graduate or more	Reference	Reference
Lifetime Tobacco Exposure
Never smoked	Reference	Reference
1 to 20 pack years	1.72 (0.82 –3.62) 0.152	1.81 (0.84 –3.91) 0.132
More than 20 pack years	1.80 (0.81 –3.99) 0.147	1.87 (0.82 –4.26) 0.137
Genotype
Severely deficient	Reference	Reference
Not severely deficient	1.59 (0.47 –5.43) 0.457	1.56 (0.45 –5.36) 0.481
Unknown	1.78 (0.64 –4.91) 0.267	1.43 (0.47 –4.40) 0.529
Using Oxygen for COPD
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	2.09 (1.15 –3.80) 0.016	2.00 (1.07 –3.71) 0.029
Augmentation Therapy
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.74 (0.68 –4.42) 0.246	1.60 (0.63 –4.08) 0.321
ER Use Prior to Baseline
None	Reference	Reference
1 or more ER visits for COPD	7.38 (2.76 –19.76) < 0.001	7.64 (2.77 –21.06) < 0.001
Hospitalizations Prior to Baseline
None	Reference	Reference
1 or more hosp. for COPD	0.74 (0.24 –2.27) 0.593	0.78 (0.25 –2.47) 0.677