Differential Expression of Vitamin E and Selenium-Responsive Genes by Disease Severity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figures & data

Table 1.  Distribution of study participants by Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification (51)

GOLD classification	0^a	I: mild	II: moderate	III: severe	IV: very severe
FEV1/FVC	> 0.70	< 0.70	< 0.70	< 0.70	< 0.70
%predicted FEV1	>80%	>80%	>50% and <80%	>30% and <50%	<30%b
Number of participants	5	3	4	5	5

^aOriginal GOLD guidelines, stage 0 defined as “at-risk of COPD,” and identified as normal spirometry with > 1 respiratory symptom (breathlessness, cough, and/or sputum production); 2005 revised guidelines omitted this stage.

^bOr <50% plus the presence of chronic respiratory failure.

Table 2.  Descriptive characteristics of 22 patients provided by the Lung Tissue Research Consortium, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

	Total	GOLD Stages					GOLD Stage Group
		0	I	II	III	IV	0/I	II-IV
Number	22	5	3	4	5	5	8	14
Age, years^a	65.5 (9.4)	73.8 (8.3)	65.0 (7.0)	70.5 (3.5)	63.4 (10.6)	55.6 (2.8)	70.5 (8.6)	62.6 (8.9)
Sex, male/female	14/8	4/1	3/0	2/2	2/3	3/2	7/1	7/7
Pack-years smoking^b	61.0 (39.2)	64.8 (38.9)^b	56.0 (23.6)	74.5 (85.3)	42.8 (4.8)	68.6 (9.5)	61.0 (31.0)	61.1 (43.8)
Years since quitting smoking^b,c	7.3 (9.8)	21.0 (14.3)^b	0	4.8 (8.2)	6.8 (4.0)	3.4 (2.5)	12.0 (15.1)	5.0 (5.0)

^aContinuous variables reported as mean (SD).

^bOne participant was missing smoking data and is not included in the mean or SD.

^cFor those participants who quit smoking.

Table 3.  Nutritional status of 22 patients; Samples provided by the Lung Tissue Research Consortium, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute^a

	Total	GOLD Stages				GOLD Stage Group
		0	I	II	III	IV	0/I	II-IV
N =	22	5	3	4	5	5	8	14
Plasma Selenium, μg Se/L plasma	181.8 (29.5)	165.3 (17.6)	182.6 (59.9)	187.8 (37.8)	182.7 (19.3)	192.2 (23.0)	171.8 (35.8)	187.5 (25.0)
Plasma α-tocopherol, μmol α-toc/mmol cholesterol	12.1 (6.0)	15.5 (9.5)	10.9 (4.1)	13.8 (6.9)	12.1 (3.8)	8.2 (2.3)	13.8 (7.9)	11.2 (4.8)
HDL α-tocopherol, μmol α-toc/mmol cholesterol	14.9 (5.3)	19.1 (6.1)	10.7 (1.0)	14.5 (5.2)	15.5 (5.9)	13.1 (4.1)	16.0 (6.4)	14.4 (4.8)
Tissue α-tocopherol, nmol α-toc/g lung tissue	19.7 (7.4)	24.1 (6.1)	26.3 (9.9)	18.3 (2.9)	19.4 (6.9)	12.8 (5.0)	24.9 (7.1)	16.7^b (5.8)

^aAll values reported as mean (SD).

^bp = 0.0082; all other p-values are >0.24.

Table 4.  Genes differentially expressed (p_adjusted < 0.05) in lung tissue from GOLD Stage II-IV patients compared to GOLD Stage 0/I patients

Gene list	Gene symbol	Gene name	Fold-change^a	Nominal p-value	padjustedb
COPD GWAS	BICD1	Bicaudaul D homolog 1	1.21	0.025	0.0251
COPD gene expression	PLAUR	Plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	–1.88	0.015	0.0426
	VEGFB	Vascular endothelial growth factor	–1.26	0.025	0.0426
	MMP2	Matrix metalloproteinase 2	1.52	0.034	0.0426
Vitamin E responsive	TNNI2	Troponin 1 type 2	–1.34	0.007	0.0241
	KRT1	Keratin 1	1.51	0.019	0.0241
	SRA1	Steroid receptor RNA activator 1	–1.16	0.019	0.0241
	PPARG	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	–1.76	0.019	0.0241
	SULT2B1	Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1	–1.42	0.026	0.0271
	KRT4	Keratin 4	–2.30	0.036	0.0303
Selenium responsive	NR2F1	Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1	1.54	0.003	0.0347
	SELT	Selenoprotein T	–1.18	0.003	0.0347
	P4HA1	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha polypeptide	–1.31	0.007	0.0347
	MS4A1	Membrane spanning 4 domains subfamily A member 1	2.25	0.008	0.0347
	GNGT2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma 2	–1.39	0.009	0.0347
	GSTO1	Glutathione S-transferase omega-1	–1.23	0.010	0.0347

^aLog₂ fold-change.

^bFDR q-value, estimated for each gene list separately.

Global obstructive lung disease classifications, 2005 guidelines [ cited 2011 January 18]. 2011; Available from: http://www.goldcopd.com.

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