Results of a Multimodal Program During Hospitalization in Obese COPD Exacerbated Patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. CONSORT 2010 flow diagram.

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the sample at baseline

	IG (n = 24)	CG (n = 25)	p-value
Age (years)	72.36 (± 8.91)	73.7 (± 7.10)	0.597
Sex n (% women)	0(0)	2(9.1)	0.268
BMI (kg/m^2)	33.56 (± 1.11)	34.33 (± 2.04)	0.271
Ex-smoker n (%)	18(81.8)	22(100)	0.065
Length of hospital stay (days)	8.7 (± 2)	8.8 (± 2)	0.801
Resting SO2 (% O2)	88.4 (± 4)	90.3 (±4)	0.480
FEV1 (l)	0.78 (± 0.2)	0.80 (± 0.7)	0.317
FEV1 predicted (%)	39%	41%	0.453
SGRQ total score	64 (± 13)	63 (± 13)	0.760

Non-categorical variables are expressed as mean (± SD); SD: Standard deviation; IG: intervention group; CG: control group; n: Number of participants per group; BMI: Body mass index; FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in the first second; SGRQ: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire.

Table 2. Outcome measures at baseline in the patients included in the study

	PT group (n = 24)	SC group (n = 25)	p-value
Physical variables
Lower limb strength (N)	126.9 (± 36.2)	153.5 (± 75.0)	0.146
Handgrip strength (N)	251.5 (± 60.0)	284.5 (± 83.1)	0.146
2MSP (number of times)	46.82 (± 23.68)	46.63 (± 21.62)	0.980
Perceived variables
Dyspnea perception	5.50 (± 2.06)	6.60 (± 2.16)	0.108
EuroQol-5D Mobility	1.82 (± 0.66)	1.70 (± 0.47)	0.514
EuroQol-5D Self-care	1.91 (± 0.81)	1.80 (± 0.89)	0.681
EuroQol-5D Usual activities	2.00 (± 0.75)	1.90 (± 0.71)	0.663
EuroQol-5D Pain/discomfort	1.82 (± 0.85)	1.80 (± 0.89)	0.947
EuroQol-5D Anxiety/depression	1.82 (± 0.85)	2.00 (± 0.64)	0.445
EuroQol-5D VAS	59.55 (± 17.5)	53.5 (± 20.52)	0.309
HADS anxiety subscore	8.45 (± 4.64)	6.80 (± 3.07)	0.186
HADS depression subscore	6.00 (± 2.86)	4.90 (± 2.84)	0.218
HADS total	14.45 (± 5.81)	11.7 (± 4.94)	0.108

Note the end of the Table Body coding for Table 2 cannot be seen but it is there.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; Values are expressed as mean (±SD) (SD: Standard deviation); n: Number of participants per group; IG: Intervention group; CG: Control group; 2MSP: 2-minute step-in-place; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Table 3. Mean changes on pulmonary function, strength and exercise capacity by group.

	IG (n = 24)	CG (n = 25)	Between-group [95% CI]	Between-group differences (p- value)
Pulmonary variables
Δ Resting SO2 (% O2)	5.8 (± 4.6)^a	4.7 (± 5.2)^a	[4.89 to 5.41]	0.412
Δ FEV1 (l)	0.59 (± 0.9)^a	0.34 (± 0.6)^a	[0.41 to 0.56]	0.123
Δ FEV1 predicted (%)	7(± 0.8)^a	9(± 0.5)^a	[7.89 to 14.41]	0.264
Physical variables
Δ Handgrip strength (N)	23.3 (± 52.0)^a	0.33 (± 3.67)	[12.89 to 14.41]	0.376
Δ Lower limb strength(N)	16.5 (± 9.7)^a	-31.0 (±44.1)^a	[-20.95 to 9.76]	0.038*
Δ2MSP (number of times)	17.59 (± 6.69)^a	4.87 (± 16.12)	[-17.59 to 6.69]	0.013*

Data are presented as mean (± SD). ^ap < 0.05, (within-group differences).*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; (between-group differences). IG: intervention group; CG: Control group; CI: Confidence interval; n: Number of participants per group; 2MSP: 2-minute step-in-place.

FEV₁: Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second.

Table 4. Mean changes on perceived outcomes by group

	IG (n = 24)	CG (n = 25)	Between-groups 95% CI [95% CI]	Between group p- value
Δ Dyspnea perception	2.20 (± 2.6)^a	3.6 (± 2.21)^a	[-1.15 to 1.51]	0.785
Δ EuroQol-5D Mobility	0.71(± 0.72)^a	0.30 (± 0.65)	[-0.06 to 0.49]	0.124
Δ EuroQol-5D Self-care	0.57 (± 0.81)^a	0.30 (± 0.47) ^a	[0.14 to 0.85]	0.007*
Δ EuroQol-5D Usual activities	0.71 (± 0.75)^a	0.30 (± 0.65)	[0.24 to 0.95]	0.001*
Δ EuroQol-5D Pain/discomfort	0.47 (± 0.90)^a	0.50 (± 0.68) ^a	[-0.15 to 0.38]	0.381
Δ EuroQol-5D Anxiety/depression	0.62 (± 0.65)^a	0.50 (± 0.51)^a	[0.34 to 0.60]	0.029*
Δ EuroQol-5D VAS	17.45 (± 23.51)^a	9.00 (± 20.87)	[-28.29 to -0.70]	0.040*
Δ HAD anxiety subscore	3.81 (±3.59)^a	0.80 (±2.9)	[-0.83 to 3.56]	0.218
Δ HAD depression subscore	4.18 (±2.53)^a	0.20 (±3.5)	[1.26 to 4.49]	0.001*
Δ HAD total	8.00 (±4.51)^a	1.0 (±4.9)	[1.40 to 7.08]	0.004*

Data are presented as mean (± SD). ^a p< 0.05, (within group differences).*p<0.05; **p<0.001; (between-group differences). PT group: Physical therapy group; SC group: Standard care group CI: Confidence interval; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; HADS: Hospital anxiety and depression scale.