Immunostimolatory activities of Vigna mungo L. extract in male Sprague–Dawley rats

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effects of treatments (8 days) on hematological parameters.

Treatment group^a	Total WBC^b (cells/µL) × 10^3	Neutrophils (cells/µL) × 10^3	Lymphocytes (cells/µL) × 10^3	RBC^b (cells/µL) × 10^6	Platelets (cells/µL) × 10^6	Hemoglobin^b (Hb g/dL)
Control	6.14 ± 0.84	0.46 ± 0.15	4.90 ± 0.96	9.16 ± 0.21	813.33 ± 53.48	16.13 ± 0.30
DMS	0.97 ± 0.04*	0.04 ± 0.04*	0.76 ± 0.07*	7.27 ± 0.17*	940.00 ± 47.84	13.17 ± 0.31*
VMSE	9.15 ± 1.04*	0.88 ± 0.12*	7.99 ± 0.93*	6.90 ± 0.50*	792.33 ± 16.56	12.47 ± 0.76*

^aVMSE, Vigna mungo seed extract; DMS, dexamethasone.

^bWBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; Hb, hemoglobin.

All values are presented as mean ± SEM.

*Value significantly (P < 0.05) different compared with the control group.

Table 2.  Effect of treatments (14 days) on the adhesion activity of neutrophils recovered from exposed rats.

Treatment group^a	^bTLC (10^3/mm^3) (X)		% Neutrophil (Y)		Neutrophil index (X × Y) × 10^3		% Neutrophil adhesion
	^bUnB	^bFTB	UnB	FTB	UnB	FTB
Control	6.38 ± 0.57	6.10 ± 0.60	14.34 ± 2.55	11.41 ± 1.85	88.18 ± 10.82	67.35 ± 7.86	23.33 ± 1.02
DMS	1.42 ± 0.34*	1.43 ± 0.31*	3.51 ± 0.09*	3.10 ± 0.08*	5.46 ± 1.32*	4.62 ± 1.09*	14.00 ± 3.07*
VMSE	8.52 ± 1.03	8.41 ± 0.82*	6.17 ± 0.72*	4.65 ± 0.97*	57.91 ± 12.03	36.14 ± 7.84*	37.98 ± 2.33*

^aVMSE, Vigna mungo seed extract; DMS, dexamethasone.

^bTLC, total leukocytes count; UnB, untreated blood; FTB, nylon fiber-treated blood.

All values are presented as mean ± SEM.

*Value significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with the control group.

Table 3.  Effects of treatments on antibody formation by SRBC-sensitized rats.

Treatment^a	Primary titer^b	Secondary titer^b
Control	3.52 ± 0.76	5.00 ± 0.76
DMS	0.15 ± 0.02*	0.19 ± 0.05*
VMSE	9.37 ± 1.39*	10.00 ± 1.53*

^aVMSE, Vigna mungo seed extract; DMS, dexamethasone—treatments began in period starting 7 days prior to sensitization and continuing up to time of challenge (i.e., Day −7 up to and through Day + 7).

^bAll values are presented as log₂ values (mean ± SEM); n = 6 per treatment group.

*Value significantly (P < 0.05) different compared with the control group.

SRBC, sheep red blood cells.

Table 4.  Effects of treatments on DTH response and the phagocytic index.

Treatment^a	DTH response^b	Phagocytic index^c
Control	0.85 ± 0.02	1.00
DMS	0.36 ± 0.01* (− 42.35%)	0.24 ± 0.01*
VMSE	1.68 ± 0.02* (+ 98.23%)	6.41 ± 0.96*

^aVMSE, Vigna mungo seed extract; DMS, dexamethasone; DTH, delayed type hypersensitivity.

^bValue in parentheses indicate decrease or increase in DTH response relative to control rat value.

^cControl value set to 1.00 for comparative purposes.

All values are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 6 per treatment group.

*Value significantly (P < 0.05) different compared with the control group.