Amaranthus spinosus Linn. inhibits mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions

Figures & data

Table 1.  Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analyses of EAFAS.

Tests^a	EAFAS
Alkaloids
Dragendroff’s test	–^b
Mayer’s test	–
Wagner’s test	–
Hager’s test	–
Tannic acid test	–
Amino acids
Millon’s test	+
Ninhydrin test	+
Proteins
Xanthoprotein test	+
Biuret test	+
Nitroprusside test	+
Carbohydrates
Molisch’s test	–
Fehling’s test	–
Benedict’s test	–
Barfoed’s test	–
Flavonoids
Shinoda test	+
Alkaline Reagent test	+
Zinc-Hydrochloride test	+
Glycosides
Borntrager’s test	–
Kedde’s test	–
Keller-Killiani test	–
Baljet’s test	–
Froth test	–
Tannins
Ferric-Chloride test	+
Gelatin test	+
Steroids and triterpenoids
Liebermann Burchard test	+
Salkowski test	+
Sulfur powder test	+

^aIndividual test indicated was performed in accordance with protocols oulined in Raaman (2006). Each sample was analyzed at least four times in each given test.

^bSample tested Positive (+) or Negative (−) using the indicated test system.

Figure 1.  HPLC chromatograms. (a) Standard quercetin at 340 nm having a retention time (RT) of 4.8338 min. (b) Quercetin in EAFAS at 340 nm having a retention time (RT) of 4.8667 min.

Table 2.  Effect of EAFAS on Compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock in mice.

Treatment	Dose (g/kg BW)^a	Compound 48/80 (8 mg/kg BW)	Mortality (%)^b
None (saline)	—	+	100
EAFAS	0.01	+	90
	0.10	+	50
	1.00	+	0
	1.00	−	0

^aGroups of mice (n = 10/group) were orally pre-treated with 200 µl saline or EAFAS at various doses 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of Compound 48/80.

^bMortality (%) within 1 h following Compound 48/80 injection is calculated as number of 100 × (number of dead mice/total number of experimental mice in group).

Table 3.  Time-dependent effect of EAFAS on Compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock in mice.

Treatment	Dose (g/kg BW)^a	Compound 48/80 (8 mg/kg BW)	Mortality (%)^b
			5 min after	10 min after
None (saline)	—	+	100	100
EAFAS	1	+	30	50
EAFAS	1	−	0	0

^aGroups of mice (n = 10/group) were orally pre-treated with 200 µl saline or EAFAS at various doses 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of Compound 48/80.

^bMortality (%) within 1 h following Compound 48/80 injection is calculated as number of 100 × (number of dead mice/total number of experimental mice in group).

Figure 2.  Effect of EAFAS on Compound 48/80-induced peritoneal mast cell degranulation in vitro. RPMC were pre-incubated with EAFAS (0.25–1 mg/ml) and ketotifen (0.1 mg/ml) at 37°C for 15 min and then treated with 0.1 ml of 10 µg Compound 48/80/ml for 10 min. Each bar represents mean (± SEM) of six independent experiments. *Value significantly different from saline-treated group (p < 0.01); **values significantly different from Compound 48/80 only-treated group (p < 0.01).

Figure 3.  Effect of EAFAS on Compound 48/80-induced histamine release from RPMC in vitro. Cells (2 × 10⁵ RPMC/ml) were pre-incubated with EAFAS for 20 min at 37°C prior to incubation with 10 µg Compound 48/80/ml for a further 15 min. Each bar represents the mean (± SEM) of four independent experiments. **Value significantly different from saline-treated group (p < 0.01).

Raaman N. (Ed.). 2006. Phytochemical Techniques. New Delhi: New India Publishing.

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