Overview of environmental and occupational vanadium exposure and associated health outcomes: An article based on a presentation at the 8th International Symposium on Vanadium Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, and Toxicology, Washington DC, August 15–18, 2012

Figures & data

Figure 1. The variety of occupational and environmental sources of vanadium exposure. Other sources are also identified, i.e. body building supplements and prosthesis.

Table 1. Vanadium occupational exposure reports related to different work activities.

Authors	Year	Concentration	Activity	Subjects	Type study	Symptoms
Dutton	1911	unknown		unknown	Unknown	Dry cough and eye irritation—Vanadism
Sjöbern	1951	>0.5 mg/m^3	Mining/processing	703	Cohort	Nasal/throat irritation; anemia
Kiviluoto et al.	1979	0.028 mg/m^3	Processing	63	Unknown	Respiratory issues
Kiviluoto et al.	1980	0.01–0.04 mg/m^3	Processing	63	Unknown	Respiratory issues
Levy et al.	1984	0.05–5.3 mg/m^3	Conversion of an oil power plant to coal	55 Boiler workers	Major symptoms reported questionnaire	Cough with sputum, sore throat, dyspnea, chest pain or discomfort, headache, runny nose or sneezing, eye irritation, wheezing
Irsigler et al.	1999	>0.15 mg/m^3	Oil-burning maintenance	40	Clinical histories	Airway irritation, chest pain, pharyngitis, laryngitis, conjunctivitis
Agramunt et al.	2003	unknown	Hazardous waste incinerator	28	Survey
Riediker et al.	2003	unknown	Drivers	50 patrols	Unknown	Data not collected
Liu et al.	2005	10–500 µg/m^3	Boilermakers exposed to fuel-oil ash particles	18 workers 11 utility workers	Unknown
Irsigler	1999	>0.15mg/m^3	Oil-burning maintenance		Clinical histories	Airway irritation, chest pain, pharyngitis, laryngitis, conjunctivitis
Sughis et al.	2012	unknown	Children working in surgical instruments manufacturing units	75 children (male)	Analyses of urinary metals	Children were also exposed to Cr and Ni

Table 2. Environmental vanadium exposure sources.

Authors	Year published	Exposure	Mode of Sampling
Riveros-Rosas et al.	1997	Air	Battery operated personal pumps
Adachi et al.	1998	Tobacco smoke	Cigarettes Tobacco smoke
Fortoul et al.	2002	Air	Lung autopsy samples
Riediker et al.	2003	Air	Air samples inside patrols
McGee et al.	2003	Air	Particulate matter from WTC event
Nadal and Schuhmac	2004	Soil Chard	Areas near petrochemical industries
García et al.	2009	Air	Air samples
Verma et al.	2009	Wildfires	Air samples
Moretti et al.	2012	Hip prosthesis	Blood