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Research Article

Immunotoxic effects of sodium tungstate dihydrate on female B6C3F1/N mice when administered in drinking water

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Pages 666-675 | Received 22 Dec 2015, Accepted 10 Feb 2016, Published online: 25 May 2016

Figures & data

Table 1. Hematology and blood leukocyte differentials in female B6C3F1/N mice exposed to STD in the drinking water for 28 d.

Figure 1. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and mixed-leukocyte responses in female B6C3F1/N mice exposed to STD in drinking water for 28 d. Panel A: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. Splenocytes were cultured for 5 d with P815 mastocytoma cells (induction phase), harvested, and incubated in the presence of [51Cr]-labeled P815 cells for 4 h (effector phase). Release of [51Cr] into the supernatant was used as the endpoint of the assay. Spontaneous release over the 4-h incubation period was 11.1% of maximum release. Panel B: mixed-leukocyte response. Splenocytes were cultured for 5 d in the presence of mitomycin C-treated DBA/2 allogenic stimulator cells. R = responder (B6C3F1/N) cells only, R + S = responder and stimulator (DBA/2) cells. All MLR cultures were labeled with [3H]-thymidine 18–24 h prior to harvest. [3H]-thymidine incorporation into proliferating cells was used as the endpoint of the assay. Results are expressed as percent cytotoxicity for the CTL, CPM/105 splenocytes for the MLR. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from VH control; *p ≤ 0.05; N = 7–8 mice/group for VH, STD and CPS (MLR only); N = 4 for the CPS (CTL) group. Due to the reduction in spleen weight and cell number, it was necessary to pool splenocytes from two positive control CPS-treated animals to achieve the necessary cell concentrations for the CTL assay.

Figure 1. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and mixed-leukocyte responses in female B6C3F1/N mice exposed to STD in drinking water for 28 d. Panel A: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. Splenocytes were cultured for 5 d with P815 mastocytoma cells (induction phase), harvested, and incubated in the presence of [51Cr]-labeled P815 cells for 4 h (effector phase). Release of [51Cr] into the supernatant was used as the endpoint of the assay. Spontaneous release over the 4-h incubation period was 11.1% of maximum release. Panel B: mixed-leukocyte response. Splenocytes were cultured for 5 d in the presence of mitomycin C-treated DBA/2 allogenic stimulator cells. R = responder (B6C3F1/N) cells only, R + S = responder and stimulator (DBA/2) cells. All MLR cultures were labeled with [3H]-thymidine 18–24 h prior to harvest. [3H]-thymidine incorporation into proliferating cells was used as the endpoint of the assay. Results are expressed as percent cytotoxicity for the CTL, CPM/105 splenocytes for the MLR. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from VH control; *p ≤ 0.05; N = 7–8 mice/group for VH, STD and CPS (MLR only); N = 4 for the CPS (CTL) group. Due to the reduction in spleen weight and cell number, it was necessary to pool splenocytes from two positive control CPS-treated animals to achieve the necessary cell concentrations for the CTL assay.

Figure 2. Anti-CD3-mediated splenic T-cell proliferation and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in female B6C3F1/N mice exposed to STD in drinking water for 28 d. Panel A: anti-CD3 mediated proliferation. Splenocytes were cultured in the presence (stimulated) or absence (unstimulated) of anti-CD3 antibody in 96-well plates for 3 d. All anti-CD3 cultures were labeled with [3H]-thymidine 18–24 h prior to harvest. Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into proliferating cells was used as the endpoint of the assay. Panel B: delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Mice were sensitized on Day 21 with formalin-fixed C. albicans, and challenged in the right footpad on Day 29 with the C. albicans antigen, chitosan. Footpad swelling was determined 24 h post-challenge. Results are expressed as CPM/2 × 105 splenocytes for the anti-CD3 assay, and as mm × 100 for the DTH assay. N = 8 mice/group. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from VH control; *p ≤ 0.05

Figure 2. Anti-CD3-mediated splenic T-cell proliferation and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in female B6C3F1/N mice exposed to STD in drinking water for 28 d. Panel A: anti-CD3 mediated proliferation. Splenocytes were cultured in the presence (stimulated) or absence (unstimulated) of anti-CD3 antibody in 96-well plates for 3 d. All anti-CD3 cultures were labeled with [3H]-thymidine 18–24 h prior to harvest. Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into proliferating cells was used as the endpoint of the assay. Panel B: delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Mice were sensitized on Day 21 with formalin-fixed C. albicans, and challenged in the right footpad on Day 29 with the C. albicans antigen, chitosan. Footpad swelling was determined 24 h post-challenge. Results are expressed as CPM/2 × 105 splenocytes for the anti-CD3 assay, and as mm × 100 for the DTH assay. N = 8 mice/group. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from VH control; *p ≤ 0.05

Table 2. Functional activity of the mononuclear phagocytic system in mice exposed to STD in the drinking water for 28 d.

Table 3. Bone marrow cell immunophenotyping in female B6C3F1/N mice exposed to STD in the drinking water for 28 d.

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