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Original Article

Controlling silver nanoparticle exposure in algal toxicity testing – A matter of timing

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Pages 201-209 | Received 27 Jan 2014, Accepted 07 Apr 2014, Published online: 19 May 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1. Overview of the experimental setup for testing the influence of aging (0–7 days) on the characteristics and 2-h algal toxicity of citrate stabilized AgNPs (AgNP1). Seven identical sets of test concentrations covering the range 10–1000 µg Ag L−1 were prepared in ISO 8692 algal medium on day 0 and aged in the dark on a shaker (300 rpm) before testing and characterization was conducted after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7 days.

Figure 1. Overview of the experimental setup for testing the influence of aging (0–7 days) on the characteristics and 2-h algal toxicity of citrate stabilized AgNPs (AgNP1). Seven identical sets of test concentrations covering the range 10–1000 µg Ag L−1 were prepared in ISO 8692 algal medium on day 0 and aged in the dark on a shaker (300 rpm) before testing and characterization was conducted after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7 days.

Table 1. Effective concentrations (EC10- and EC50-values) and 95% confidence intervals in µg Ag L−1 from 2-h 14C-assimilation and 48-h growth inhibition algal tests with AgNO3 and AgNPs (freshly prepared).

Figure 2. Concentration–response data and fitted curves by Log457 from 2-h 14C-assimilation algal tests with AgNP1 (A and B) and AgNP2 (C and D) being freshly prepared (A and C) or aged for 24 h in ISO 8692 algal medium in the dark (B and D). For each scenario (A–D) two individual test runs were conducted.

Figure 2. Concentration–response data and fitted curves by Log457 from 2-h 14C-assimilation algal tests with AgNP1 (A and B) and AgNP2 (C and D) being freshly prepared (A and C) or aged for 24 h in ISO 8692 algal medium in the dark (B and D). For each scenario (A–D) two individual test runs were conducted.

Figure 3. Concentration–response data and fitted curves by Log457 from 2-h algal 14C-assimilation algal tests with AgNP1 after aging in ISO 8692 algal medium (A) for 0–2 days, (B) for 3–5 days, (C) for 7 days. The EC50-values with 95% confidence intervals are plotted for suspensions aged for 05 days (D).

Figure 3. Concentration–response data and fitted curves by Log457 from 2-h algal 14C-assimilation algal tests with AgNP1 after aging in ISO 8692 algal medium (A) for 0–2 days, (B) for 3–5 days, (C) for 7 days. The EC50-values with 95% confidence intervals are plotted for suspensions aged for 05 days (D).

Table 2. Size and zeta potential measured by DLS for citrate stabilized AgNPs (AgNP1) suspended in ISO algal medium (1 mg Ag L−1) after 0–7 days of aging in the dark on a shaker (300 rpm).

Supplemental material