Symptomatic venous thromboembolism following a hip fracture

Figures & data

Table 1.  Characteristics of the patients on admission related to the occurrence of thromboembolic complications (percentage with and without a thrombotic episode and its subcategories within the category of each characteristic)

	No thrombosis	Any thrombosis	Deep vein thrombosis	Pulmonary embolism
Total numbers	5,183	117	79	38
Sex
Female	4,062 (98%)	97 (2.3%)	66 (1.6%)	31 (0.8%)
Male	1,121 (98%)	20 (1.8%)	13 (1.1%)	7 (0.6%)
p-value		0.3	0.3	0.7
Mean age (SD)	80 (11)	79 (12)	79 (11)	80 (9.9)
p-value		0.7	0.7	1
Admission mobility score (n = 5298) ^b
8–9	1,466 (97%)	47 (3.1%)	34 (2.3%)	13 (0.9%)
4–7	1,834 (98%)	38 (2.0%)	27 (1.5%)	11 (0.6%)
0–3	1,881 (98%)	32 (1.7%)	18 (1.0%)	14 (0.7%)
p-value		0.01	0.008	0.6
Use of walking aids (n = 5293)
None	2,833 (98%)	74 (2.5%)	52 (1.8%)	22 (0.8%)
Aids	2,230 (98%)	42 (1.8%)	27 (1.2%)	15 (0.7%)
Immobile	114 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
p-value		0.06	0.08	0.6
Residence on admission (n = 5300) ^b
Own home	3,715 (97%)	99 (2.6%)	67 (1.8%)	32 (0.8%)
Institution	1,468 (99%)	18 (1.2%)	12 (0.8%)	6 (0.4%)
p-value		0.002	0.008	0.4
ASA grade
1–2	1,750 (98%)	35 (2.0%)	24 (1.4%)	9 (0.5%)
3–5	3,331 (98%)	80 (2.3%)	54 (1.6%)	21 (0.6%)
p-value		0.4	0.6	0.7
Mental test score (n = 4849) ^b
0–5	1,494 (99%)	19 (1.3%)	11 (0.7%)	8 (0.5%)
6–10	3,255 (98%)	85 (2.5%)	60 (1.8%)	25 (0.7%)
p-value		0.005	0.004	0.5
Smoking status (n = 4985)
Non-smoker	4,267 (98%)	92 (2.1%)	62 (1.4%)	30 (0.7%)
Smoker	611 (98%)	15 (2.4%)	13 (2.1%)	2 (0.3%)
p-value		0.7	0.2	0.4
Mean hemoglobin on admission (g/L) (n = 5232) ^a	124	128	127	129
p-value		0.03	0.2	0.06
Type of fracture (n = 5300) ^b
Intracapsular	2,917 (98%)	50 (1.7%)	30 (1.0%)	20 (0.7%)
Intertrochanteric	2,032 (97%)	63 (3.0%)	46 (2.2%)	17 (0.8%)
Subtrochanteric	180 (98%)	4 (2.2%)	3 (1.7%)	1 (0.6%)
p-value		0.008	0.002	0.8
Pathological fracture (n = 5046)
No	4,916 (98%)	115 (2.3%)	77 (1.6%)	30 (0.6%)
Yes	22 (96%)	1 (4.3%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)
p-value		1	0.3	1

^a Risk factor for any thrombosis significant at the 5% level.

^b Risk factor for any thrombosis significant at the 1% level.

Table 2.  Operation factors related to the occurrence of thromboembolic complications (percentage with and without a thrombotic episode and its subcategories within the category of each factor)

	No thrombosis	Any thrombosis	Deep vein thrombosis	Pulmonary embolism
Median time from fracture to surgery (h)	25	25	25	22.5
p-value		0.8	1	0.2
Median time from admission to surgery (h)	21	22	22	20
p-value		0.47	0.38	0.99
Type of anesthetic
General	2,933 (98%)	75 (2.5%)	47 (1.6%)	29 (1.0%)
Spinal	1,837 (98%)	38 (2.0%)	29 (1.6%)	9 (0.5%)
Local	282 (99%)	2 (0.7%)	2 (0.7%)	0
p-value		0.12	0.53	0.05
Median length of anesthesia (min) ^a	60	60	60	60
p-value		0.05	0.09	0.3
Type of operation ^b
Hemiarthroplasty	1,645 (98%)	28 (1.7%)	19 (1.1%)	9 (0.5%)
Sliding hip screw	1,863 (97%)	56 (2.9%)	40 (2.1%)	16 (0.8%)
Intramedullary nail	327 (97%)	11 (3.3%)	9 (2.7%)	2 (0.6%)
Multiple screws	1,262 (98%)	21 (1.6%)	11 (0.9%)	10 (0.8%)
Conservative	86 (99%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)
p-value		0.03	0.01	0.8

^a Risk factor for any thrombosis significant at the 5% level.

^b Risk factor for any thrombosis significant at the 1% level.

Table 3.  Logistic regression adjusting for age and sex (incidence odds ratios of thrombosis for factors significant in multivariate analysis)

	No thrombosis	Any thrombosis	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Sex
Female	4,062 (98%)	97 (2.3%)	1	0.09
Male	1,121 (98%)	20 (1.8%)	0.64 (0.38–1.07)
Mean age (SD)	80 (11)	79 (12)	1.0 (0.98–1.02)	0.9
Residence on admission
Own home	3,715 (97%)	99 (2.6%)	2.24 (1.32–3.82)	0.003
Institution	1,468 (99%)	18 (1.2%)	1
Mean hemoglobin on admission (SD)	124 (17)	128 (18)	1.01 (1.0–1.03)	0.01
Type of fracture
Intracapsular	2,917 (98%)	50 (1.7%)	1	0.001
Intertrochanteric	2,032 (97%)	63 (3.0%)	2.15 (1.46–3.17)
Subtrochanteric	180 (98%)	4 (2.2%)	1.51 (0.53–4.30)

Figure 1.  Time from fracture to diagnosis of thromboembolic complications.