The psychosocial impact on standing devices

Figures & data

Figure 1. The number of questionnaires sent to users of standing devices and the number of eventual participants.

Table 1. Descriptive data of the participants (n = 284).

	n	%
Who answered PIADS
User	62	22
User with help of someone	97	34
Someone else	125	44
Missing
Age: 2–86 years median 37 (SD 22.4)
Age groups
0–6 years	21	7
7–12 years	37	13
13–19 years	26	9
20–49 years	101	36
50–64 years	54	19
65 years or older	44	16
Missing	1
Gender
Female	108	38
Male	173	61
Missing	3	1
Diagnoses*
Congenital disease/injury	129	45
Acquired disease/injury	127	45
Undiagn./other diagn.	18	6
Missing	10	4
Walking ability
Yes	51	18
No	233	82
Most common means of ambulation
Walking	16	6
Manual wheelchair	207	73
Powered wheelchair	60	21
Missing	1
Need for help in ambulation
Independent	78	28
With some help	55	19
Totally dependent	151	53
Type of standing device
Standing shell	66	23
Standing frame	63	22
Standing frame with rear wheels	17	6
Tilt table	66	23
Wheelchair with stand-up function	69	25
Other/missing	3	1
Time since prescription
0–2 years	60	21
2–5 years	78	28
5–10 years	62	22
>10 years	83	29
Missing	1

*Congenital disabilities: CP, syndromes, multi-disabilities, spina bifida. Acquired disabilities: MS, ALS, TBI, stroke, virus, tumours. Undiagnosed/other: Persons with no diagnosis or an unusual diagnosis.

Table 2. PIADS scores.

	Median	Q1	Q3
PIADS total (n = 284)	0.63	0.20	1.37
Adaptability (n = 296)	0.67	0.17	1.5
Competence (n = 292)	0.54	0.08	1.33
Self-esteem (n = 296)	0.62	0.12	1.37

Figure 2. PIADS scores in relation to the level of assistance needed in responding to the questionnaire.

Table 3. PIADS scores in relation to different variables.

	PIADS total	Adaptability	Competence	Self-esteem
Sex
Female (n = 108)	0.63	0.67	0.50	0.62
Male (n = 173)	0.65	0.83	0.58	0.62
Missing (n = 3)
Age groups
0–6 years (n = 21)	0.50	0.58	0.50	0.25
7–12 years (n = 37)	0.69	0.67	0.67	0.87
13–19 years (n = 26)	0.35	0.33	0.25	0.37
20–49 years (n = 101)	0.65	0.67	0.58	0.62
50–64 years (n = 54)	0.65	0.83	0.50	0.75
65 years or older (n = 44)	0.77	1.00	0.58	0.62
Missing (n = 1)
Diagnoses*
Congenital disease/injury (n = 129)	0.54	0.67	0.50	0.56
Acquired disease/injury (n = 127)	0.69	0.83	0.58	0.75
Undiagn./other diagn. (n = 28)	0.56	0.67	0.58	0.62
Type of standing device
Standing shell (n = 66)	0.52	0.50	0.51	0.62
Standing frame (n = 63)	0.69	0.75	0.50	0.62
Standing frame with rear wheels (n = 17)	0.46	0.42	0.37	0.5
Tilt table (n = 66)	0.63	0.83	0.58	0.75
Wheelchair with stand-up function (n = 69)	0.65	0.67	0.62	0.62
Other type/missing (n = 3)
Time since prescription
0–2 years (n = 60)	0.71	1.00	0.58	0.69
2–5 years (n = 78)	0.42	0.67	0.42	0.37
5–10 years(n = 62)	0.58	0.58	0.42	0.62
>10 years (n = 83)	0.77	0.83	0.58	0.77
Missing (n = 1)
Walking ability with or without help
Yes (n = 51)	0.88	0.92	0.83	0.75
No (n = 233)	0.58	0.67	0.50	0.62
Most common means of ambulation
Walking (n = 16)	1.48	1.17	1.12	1.50
Manual wheelchair (n = 207)	0.65	0.67	0.58	0.62
Powered wheelchair (n = 60)	0.46	0.67	0.42	0.37
Missing (n = 1)
Need for help in ambulation
Independent (n = 78)	0.77	1.00	0.67	0.62
With some help (n = 55)	0.50	0.50	0.42	0.62
Totally dependent (n = 151)	0.61	0.67	0.50	0.62
Frequency of standing**
Often (n = 167)	0.69	0.67	0.58	0.75
Quite often (n = 86)	0.54	0.92	0.50	0.50
Rarely (n = 31)	0.31	0.33	0.21	0.37
Standing time
<15 min (n = 20)	0.42	0.33	0.50	0.37
15–30 min (n = 126)	0.54	0.67	0.50	0.62
30–60 min (n = 111)	0.69	0.83	0.58	0.75
>60 min (n = 14)	0.38	0.42	0.33	0.31
Short periods in different activities (n = 13)	1.07	1.5	0.92	0.87

*Congenital disease/injury: CP, syndromes, multi-disabled, spina bifida. Acquired disease/injury: MS, ALS, SCI, TBI, stroke, virus, tumours. Undiagnosed/other diagnoses: Persons with no diagnosis and unusual diagnoses.

**Often: Several times a day, daily, almost daily. Quite often: Several times a week. Rarely: Once a week, almost never, never.