Artificial Intelligence in IVF: A Need

Figures & data

Figure 1.  The neuron model. For the artificial neuron, the information flows from left to right as follows: data input, multiplication of each input with a weight, summation of the weighted inputs, passing from non-linear function, and neuron output.

Figure 2.  Multilayer neural networks. The multilayer neural network is based on layers composed from neurons: the input layer accepts the inputs, the output layer produces the neural network response. Between the input and the output layer there are one or more hidden layers. In most neural network models the flow of information moves from one layer to the next.

Table 1. Summary of features used for the prediction of IVF result.

Treatment Characteristics	Embryo Characteristics	Female Characteristics	Male Characteristics
Type of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (i.e., long and short agonist, antagonist protocol)FSH dosageDays of stimulationBasal E2 (pg/mL)Peak E2 level (pg/mL)Basal LH (mIU/mL)Basal FSH (mIU/mL)Basal AFCInhibin BActivinAMHCA-125Serum Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)Challenge tests with clomiphene citrateUltrasonographic markers such as the AFC, total ovarian volume and blood flow3D ultrasonographic endometrial volume assessment on the day of hCG administrationEndometrial thickness 3D ultrasonography and power Doppler angiographyFollicular fluid volume at egg recoveryFollicle size at egg recoveryNumber of eggs inseminatedSelection of euploid eggsNumber of normal eggs fertilized	Mean grade of embryos replacedMorphological scoring of human pronuclear zygotesMorphology score of the two best embryos available for transferCumulative embryo scoreNumber of embryos cleaved (number of embryos that have been divided)Early cleavage morphologyEarly cleavage timeEquality of blastomeresNumber of embryosFragmentation rateRegularity of cells4-cell embryos at day 2Appearance of cytoplasm (darkness)FreezingPrewash total motile sperm countPostwash total motile sperm countNucleus characteristicsVisibility of nuclei in the cellsPrewash total motile sperm count at egg recoveryPostwash total motile sperm count at egg recoveryTotal number of embryos culturedNumber of embryos cultured on day 3The ratio between the number of top embryos on day 3 and the total number of cultured embryos on day 3 (quality ratio)	Female ageInfertility factorBody Mass IndexMean ovarian volume (cm^3)TraumaPrevious live birthsPrevious abortionsDuration of infertilityDiagnosis of infertilityPrevious IVF cyclesSmoking   Transfer DataType of catheterTransfer dayPhysician performing embryo transferEmbryo transfer techniqueTransfer with or without ultrasound guidanceDifficulty of transferType of fertilization (ICSI or IVF)Luteal support regimen	Male ageFamily historyPersonal historySperm characteristicsSperm motilitySperm function testsStrict criteria for sperm morphologyChromatin packaging assessmentSperm DNA integrity assessmentHypoosmotic swelling testHemizona assayZona pellucida –induced acrosome reaction