Figures & data
Table 1. The primer sequences.
Figure 1. RT-PCR results of DAZ, AKAP4, PRM1, and PRM2 genes in semen samples of NOA patients. The reference gene, β-actin, was used as the positive control. Lanes 1, 2, and 3: three NOA patients. BS: the band size for each gene.
Table 2. Serum hormone levels in NOA men that have been categorized as low, normal, and high according to reference ranges of hormones.
Figure 2. The agreement level between the relative frequency of patients expressing the genes in semen samples and testicular histopathological results. Testicular histopathology status in NOA patients are sertoli-cell only syndrom (a), spermatogonial MA (b), spermatocyte MA (c), spermatid MA (d), and hypospermatogenesis (e). β-actin was used as the positive control.
Figure 3. Seminiferous tubular histology patterns from TESE samples in NOA patients: a) sertoli-cell only syndrom, b) spermatogonial MA, c) spermatocyte MA, d) spermatid MA and, e) hypospermatogenesis. Tissues were stained by haematoxylin.eosin.
Table 3. Positive molecular results in NOA patients' semen sample compared with successful sperm retrieval after TESE.