DNA barcodes discriminate freshwater fishes from the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Map showing the 27 collection sites in the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, Brazil. Some sites are superimposed.

Figure 2.  Compact K2P distance NJ tree showing the 58 analyzed species from the Paraíba do Sul River Basin. In parentheses are the numbers of specimens sequenced. *Species also reported in the Upper Paraná River Basin.

Table I.  K2P genetic divergence values within different taxonomic levels from 295 specimens of Paraíba do Sul River Basin analyzed.

				K2P genetic divergence (%)
	n	Taxa	Comparisons	Minimum	Mean	Maximum	SE
Within species	289	52	927	0	0.13	3.48^†	0.01
Within genus	291	36	1302	0.93^*	10.36	22.89	0.18
Within family	295	17	4255	1.4	19.49	26.69	0.07
Within order	0	0	11,783	16.09	23.17	32.52	0.02
Within class	0	0	25,098	18.10	24.55	35.76	0.01

^* Due to T. immaculatus–T. giganteus pair of species

^† Due to A. bimaculatus species.

Figure 3.  NND analysis. Graphic analysis showing the distribution of genetic divergence.

Figure 4.  K2P distance NJ tree of species with high conspecific genetic divergence. Voucher numbers indicated before species name. Astyanax altiparanae from the Upper Paraná Riber Basin.

Table II.  K2P genetic divergence between subclusters obtained for C. alipioi, G. proximus and A. bimaculatus.

	C. alipioi A	C. alipioi B
C. alipioi A	0.1%
C. alipioi B	10.2%	0
	G. proximus A	G. proximus B	G. brasiliensis
G. proximus A	0
G. proximus B	1.1%	0
G. brasiliensis	1.7%	1.7%	0.1%
	A. bimaculatus A	A. bimaculatus B	A. altiparanae
A. bimaculatus A	0.1%
A. bimaculatus B	3.7%	0
A. altiparanae^*	0.2%	3.9%	0

^* From upper Paraná River Basin.