Enhancing the bioavailability of mebendazole by integrating the principles solid dispersion and nanocrystal techniques, for safe and effective management of human echinococcosis

Figures & data

Table I. Optimized parameters for the development of PCs using the integrated principles of the solid dispersion and nanocrystal techniques.

S. No.	Optimized parameters	Optimized values
1	pH	1.5
2	Variation in weight of polymer against constant weight of the drug (mg)	150: 1
3	Variation in weight of drug against constant weight of the polymer (mg)	1: 13
4	Time for integration of drug and polymer	3–4 h
5	Developing time of polymer crystals	10–11 h
6	Temperature during the integration of the drug and polymer	70–80°C

Figure 1. SEM (A) and TEM (B) images of the developed PC system.

Figure 2. PXRD peaks of plain drug MBZ (DG), polymer crystals (PC), and polymer (PR), respectively, from top to bottom.

Figure 3. DSC thermogram of MBZ (A) and PCs (B).

Figure 4. Dissolution profile of MF and FF. Data expressed as Mean ± S.D (n = 3).

Figure 5. Release pattern of optimized formulation.

Figure 6. Plasma concentration time curve following oral administration of the FF and MF in two (Test) groups of white rabbits. Data expressed as Mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, statistically significant (n = 6).

Table II. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the final PC system and the FF.

Pharmacokinetic parameters	Results
	Final formulation	Marketed formulation
Cmax (μg/ml)	0.363 ± 1.01	0.173 ± 0.20
Tmax (hr)	2	2
AUCtotal (hr*μg/ml)	7.377 ± 1.42	3.3384 ± 1.21
T1/2 (hrs)	8.72	8.8
Clearance (ml/hr)	807.73	800.28