A novel one-pot green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and evaluation of its toxicity in zebrafish embryos

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic diagram- sodium selenite to selenium nanoparticles using BSA as a reducing agent.

Figure 2. SEM analysis of the selenium nanoparticles. A. SEM image of the selenium nanoparticles produced by BSA (5,000 × magnification) B. Particle size analysis at 9,500 × magnification C. Particle analysis at high resolution (20,000 × magnification) D. EDX analysis of selenium nanoparticles.

Figure 3. FTIR analyses of synthesized selenium nanoparticles using BSA.

Figure 4. Zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrations of (5–25 μg/ml) selenium nanoparticles taken at 24 h. (A- control; B-5 μg/ml; C- 10 μg/ml; D-15 μg/ml; E- 20 μg/ml; F- 25 μg/ml).

Figure 5. (A) Viability of zebrafish embryos exposed to various concentrations of selenium nanoparticles after 96 hpf. (B) Percentage of malformation (tail, pericardial edema) induced by different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles. (C) Effects of selenium nanoparticles on heart rates of zebrafish embryos at 96 hpf.

Figure 6. Effects of different concentration of selenium nanoparticles on zebrafish development. Larva control shown at 96 hpf (A–C), 5 μg/ml SeNP (D–F), 10 μg/ml SeNP (G–I), 15 μg/ml SeNP (J–L), 20 μg/ml SeNP (M–O), 25 μg/ml SeNP (P–R). Larvae shown are representative of at least three replicative experiments and approximately 30 treated embryos.

Figure 7. Malformations (e.g., pericardial edema) induced by selenium nanoparticles at 96 hpf. (A) Control; (B) 20 μg/ml Selenium nanoparticles; (C) 25 μg/ml Selenium nanoparticles.