Chitosan–HPMC-blended microspheres as a vaccine carrier for the delivery of tetanus toxoid

Figures & data

Table I. Grouping and combinations used for in vivo immunogenicity study (n = 9).

Groups or Combinations	Primary immunization	Booster immunization
1	CHBMS	CHBMS
2	CRITT	CRITT
3	CHBMS	No booster
4	CRITT	No booster
5	CHBMS	CRITT
6	CRITT	CHBMS

CHBMS – TT-encapsulated chitosan – HPMC microspheres, CRITT – Alum adsorbed toxoid from Central Research Institute.

Figure 1. Effect of morphology on SEM image of chitosan-HPMC blended empty microspheres. (A) 7/3, (B) 9/1, (C) 8/2.

Figure 2. SEM image of TT-encapsulated chitosan–HPMC microspheres.

Figure 3. SDS-PAGE analysis of TT. Lane 1: standard TT, Lane 2: TT extracted from chitosan–HPMC microspheres without heparin, Lane 3: TT extracted from chitosan–HPMC microspheres.

Figure 4. Cumulative percentage release profiles of TT encapsulated in to chitosan–HPMC microspheres with or without heparin.

Table II. The antibody levels of immune guinea pig sera after first bleeding at 6 months.

Groups or Combinations	Antibody levels in IU/mL
	0.05	0.5	1	1.5	2	2.5	3	3.5	4	4.5
1	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–
2	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–	–	–
3	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–	–	–	–	–
4	✓	✓	✓	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
5	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–	–	–	–
6	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–	–	–	–

Table III. Antibody levels of immune guinea pig sera 9 months after primary immunization.

Groups or Combinations	Antibody levels in IU/mL
	0.05	0.5	1	1.5	2	2.5	3	3.5	4	4.5
1	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–	–	–
2	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–	–	–	–

Table IV. Antibody levels of immune guinea pig sera 1 year after primary immunization with second booster dose.

Groups or Combinations	Antibody levels in IU/mL
	0.05	0.5	1	1.5	2	2.5	3	3.5	4	4.5
1	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
2	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	–	–