Figures & data
Table I. Phenotypes, lineage-specific and functional markers of MSCs (Krampera et al. 2006, CitationPountos et al. 2007, CitationBühring et al. 2007, CitationDeans and Moseley 2000, CitationDevine et al. 2002, CitationFickert et al. 2004, CitationJorgensen et al. 2004, CitationOtto and Rao 2004, CitationPittenger and Martin 2004, CitationSimmons and Torok-Storb 1991, CitationBarry et al. 2001, CitationTse et al. 2003, CitationLe Blanc et al. 2003, CitationXu et al. 2004, CitationVogel et al. 2003, CitationMajumdar et al. 2003, CitationBruder et al. 1998, CitationGronthos et al. 1994, CitationPotian et al. 2003).
Figure 1. Effects of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the innate immune system. MSCs exert an influence on a variety of cells of the immune system. Mechanisms governing these interactions include secretion of soluble paracrine factors by MSCs and direct cell–cell contact between MSCs and innate immune cells. Abbreviations: IFN gamma (interferon γ), IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase), IL-2 (interleukin 2), IL-6 (interleukin 6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), soluble human leukocyte antigen-G5 (sHLA-G5) M-CSF (monocyte-colony stimulating factor), MHC (major histocompatibility complex), KIR (killer inhibitory receptor), NK(natural killer cell), PD-1(programmed death 1), PD-L1(programmed death ligand1).
Figure 2. Effects of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the adaptive immune system. These effects promote an overall anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive state. Abbreviations: IFN gamma (interferon γ), IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase), IL-2(interleukin 2), IL-4 (interleukin 4) IL-10 (interleukin 10), IL-6 (interleukin 6), IL-12 (interleukin 12), IL-17 (interleukin17),prostaglandin E2(PGE2), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), induced nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), soluble human leukocyte antigen-G5 (sHLA-G5), ICAM 1(Intercellular adhesion molecule 1), LFA 1(Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1), TH 2 (T helper 1), Treg (T regulatory).
