3,523
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Formulation and optimization of efavirenz nanosuspensions using the precipitation-ultrasonication technique for solubility enhancement

, &
Pages 978-984 | Received 22 Nov 2014, Accepted 12 Jan 2015, Published online: 27 Feb 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the mechanism of formation of nanosuspensions by the antisolvent precipitation technique.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the mechanism of formation of nanosuspensions by the antisolvent precipitation technique.

Figure 2. Optimization of drug concentration with respect to particle size and PDI.

Figure 2. Optimization of drug concentration with respect to particle size and PDI.

Figure 3. Optimization of the concentration of poloxamer and soya lecithin.

Figure 3. Optimization of the concentration of poloxamer and soya lecithin.

Figure 4. Optimization of the time duration of ultrasonication.

Figure 4. Optimization of the time duration of ultrasonication.

Figure 5. Optimization of the solvent/-antisolvent ratio.

Figure 5. Optimization of the solvent/-antisolvent ratio.

Figure 6. SEM image of efavirenz freeze- dried nanosuspensions.

Figure 6. SEM image of efavirenz freeze- dried nanosuspensions.

Figure 7. X-ray diffraction pattern of pure drug.

Figure 7. X-ray diffraction pattern of pure drug.

Figure 8. X-ray diffraction pattern of lyophilized nanosuspensions.

Figure 8. X-ray diffraction pattern of lyophilized nanosuspensions.

Figure 9. Saturation solubility of plain drug and freeze- dried drug nanosuspensions.

Figure 9. Saturation solubility of plain drug and freeze- dried drug nanosuspensions.

Figure 10. In- vitro drug release profile of drug crystals and nanosuspensions.

Figure 10. In- vitro drug release profile of drug crystals and nanosuspensions.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.