Nano vesicular lipid carriers of angiotensin II receptor blocker: Anti-hypertensive and skin toxicity study in focus

Figures & data

Figure 1. The chemical structure of valsartan.

Table I. The groups of rats under investigation, assigned group name and the time points of blood pressure measurement.

Group	Treatments	No. of rats in group	Measurement of blood pressure at different time intervals (h)
A	Control	5	0, 1, 3 , 6 , 9 , 12, 24 , 36 and 48
B	Hypertensive control	5	0, 1, 3 , 6 , 9 , 12, 24 , 36 and 48
C	Valsartan ethosomes gel formulation	5	0, 1, 3 , 6 , 9 , 12, 24 , 36 and 48

Table II. Draize evaluation of skin reactions.

Values	Erythema	Values	Edema formation
0	No erythema	0	No edema
1	Very slight erythema (barely perception)	1	Very slight edema (barely perceptible)
2	Well-defined erythema	2	Slight edema (edge of area well definite raising)
3	Moderate erythema	3	Moderate edema (raised approximately 1 mm)
4	Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar formation	4	Severe edema (raised more than 1 mm and extending beyond area of exposure)

Figure 2. Influence of ethosomes formulation of valsartan on blood pressure in MPA induced hypertensive rats (mean ± S.D.).

Table III. Average response of skin irritation scores following application of formalin (standard irritant) and valsartan ethosomes formulation on Wistar rat skin for period of 7 days (n = 5).

Rats	Formalin Treated		Valsartan ethosomes gel formulation
	Erythema	Edema	Erythema	Edema
1	3	2	1	0
2	2	2	2	1
3	2	3	0	0
4	3	2	0	0
5	3	3	1	0
Mean	2.60	2.40	0.80	0.20