Figures & data
Table 1. Country-specific model parameters.
Figure 1. Markov cohort model design. The cohort model is Markov-based with three exclusive health states: no disease, sequelae, and death. The transition from ‘no disease’ to ‘sequelae’ or ‘death’ is calculated based on this decision tree. In the model, only meningitis can lead to long-term sequelae; meningitis and bacteraemia include NTHi meningitis and NTHi bacteraemia, respectively; and non-consulting AOM are accounted for in the quality-of-life impact calculation. AOM, acute otitis media; GP, general practitioner; PCP, primary care physician; NTHi, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.
Figure 2. Modelled age compartments and vaccine efficacy periods. Reproduced from De Wals et al.Citation47.
Table 2. Vaccine-specific model parameters.
Table 3. Model parameters common to both countries.
Table 4. Estimated impact of PHiD-CV and PCV-13 on lifetime disease burden in Canada and the UK.
Table 5. Direct costs in Canada and the UK by disease and vaccine.
Figure 3. Univariate sensitivity analysis for (a) Canada and (b) the UK, comparing PHiD-CV to PCV-13 (discounted). * Most variables are ±20% of the base-case value, but PCV-13 efficacy against AOM caused by H. influenzae including NTHi was assumed to be 0%, so this value was varied to +10% and −10%, based on the −11% efficacy against H. influenzae reported by Eskola et al.Citation59. AOM, acute otitis media; CI, confidence interval; GP, general practitioner; LL, lower limit; NTHi, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae; nVT, non-vaccine type; PCP, primary care physician; PCV-7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV-13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PHiD-CV, pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine; QALY, quality adjusted life year; Sp, Streptococcus pneumoniae; UL, upper limit.
