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Figures & data
Figure 1. Methodology of the first and second surveys. OTC, Over-the-counter; mMDQ, Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire.
Table 1. Subject characteristics and key findings from the first survey (n = 19,254).
Figure 2. The proportions of menstruation, gynecologist visits, and OTC drug use in an age- and geographically-distributed general population of Japanese women (n = 21,477). OTC, Over-the-counter.
Figure 3. Rates of ever visiting a gynecologist due to menstrual symptoms in the total population with menses (n = 19,254) by mMDQ symptom severity group and menstrual bleeding category. mMDQ, Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. (a) *p < 0.01 compared to all other groups; †p < 0.05 compared to the ‘strong’ group. (b) *p < 0.01 compared to all other groups; Note: p-values were determined using z-testing.
Figure 4. Percentage of subjects in the total population with menses (n = 19,254) who reported an impact on work due to their menstrual symptoms by mMDQ symptom severity group and menstrual bleeding category. mMDQ, Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. (a) *p < 0.01 compared to all other groups. (b) *p < 0.01 compared to all other groups; †p < 0.05 compared to the ‘normal bleeding’ group; Note: p-values were determined using z-testing.
Figure 5. Percentage of subjects with heavy bleeding (n = 3726) reporting inhibition and limitation of daily life due to their menstrual symptoms, by mMDQ symptom severity group. mMDQ, Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. *p < 0.01 compared to all other groups. Note: p-values were determined using z-testing.
Table 2. Annual economic burden associated with menstrual symptoms.
Table A1. Calculated outpatient costs.
Table A2. Calculated unit prices for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
Table A3. Working unit cost per day.