Socioeconomic characteristics and health outcomes in Sami speaking municipalities and a control group in northern Norway

Figures & data

Table I. The variables implemented in the analysis and their source

Variable	Sub-variable	Time period	Source
Population		2008	Statistics Norway
Education	Primary school only (30–39 years)	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
	Drop outs from high school	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
Disability	Aged 18–49 years	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
	Aged 50–66 years	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
Unemployed	Aged 16–24 years	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
	Aged 25–66 years	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
Poverty	<50% of median income	2009	Statistics Norway
Health	Life expectancy	1995–2009	Statistics Norway
	Mortality rate (all)	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
	Mortality rate females (0–74 years)	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
	Mortality rate males (0–74 years)	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
	Cancer-specific mortality (0–74 years)	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health
	CVD-specific mortality^a (0–74 years)	2005 & 2008	Directorate of health

^aCVD=Cardiovascular disease.

Fig. 1.  Map of northern Norway and the Sami- and non-Sami-speaking municipalities.

Table II. How the variables differed between the 2 groups (Sami-majority and control group)

Characteristics	Time period	Sami-majority group	Control group	p-value
Inhabitants	(2008)	18,868	18,931
Education^a	2005/2008	25.3% (21.0–29.4%)	26.1% (19.7–36.4%)	p=0.829
Drop outs^b	2005/2008	27.5% (23–33.3%)	29.1% (16–47.5%)	p=0.655
Disability^c	2005/2008	49.0 (34–83)	40.5% (35–50)	p=0.136
Disability^d	2005/2008	315 (223–410)	310 (262–400)	p=0.822
Disability^e	2005/2008	13.6% (9.8–17.3%)	14.2% (12.3–17.4%)	p=0.544
Disability^f	2005/2008	12.8% (9.1–17.0%)	10.8% (7.5–12.7%)	p=0.065
Unemployed^g	2005/2008	6.4% (4.1–7.7%)	6.3% (2.3–10.6)	p=0.889
Unemployed^h	2005/2008	4.1% (2.9–6.8%)	5.2% (2.3–7.6%)	p=0.144
Poverty^i	2005–2009	4.4% (3.5–6.5%)	5.0% (3.1–7.5%)	p=0.265

^aPrimary school only.

^bDrop outs from high school.

^cAged 16–49 years.

^dAged 50–66 years (numbers/1000 inhabitants).

^eFemales aged 18–66 years.

^fMales aged 18–66 years.

^gUnemployed aged 16–24 years.

^hUnemployed aged 16–66 years.

ⁱLess than 50% of median income in Norway.

Table III. The mortality rates and life expectancy figures in the Sami and the control groups. Mortality rates are annual numbers per 100,000 inhabitants. The figures were adjusted for age and gender differences

Variable	Sami-majority group	Control group	p-value
Life expectancy (F)	81.3 years (79–84 years)	79.5 years (76–81 years)	p=0.035*
Life expectancy (M)	74.5 years (73–77 years)	72.0 years (67–75 years)	p=0.037*
Mortality rate^a	897 (789–1065)	970 (803–1129)	p=0.110
Mortality rate (F)^b	255 (232–365)	308 (252–349)	p=0.012*
Mortality rate (M)^c	575 (459–666)	610 (437–780)	p=0.423
CVD-specific mortality rate^d
Females	67 (35–106)	90 (68–137)	p=0.225
Males	222 (170–315)	239 (158–323)	p=0.491
Cancer-specific mortality rate
Females	99 (67–172)	129 (80–216)	p=0.213
Males	150 (81–189)	168 (105–220)	p=0.312

F=females, M=males.

*p<0.05.

^aBoth gender and all age groups.

^bFemales (F) aged 0–74 years.

^cMales (M) aged 0–74 years.

^dCVD=cardiovascular disease.