Role of solar UVB irradiance and smoking in cancer as inferred from cancer incidence rates by occupation in Nordic countries

Figures & data

Table 1. Cross-correlation results for lip and lung cancer, melanoma and NMSC

Cancer	N	Lip cancer less lung cancer (males) (β, p)	Lung cancer (males) (β, p)	Adjusted R^2, F, p
Males
Lung	45	−0.40, 0.006		0.14, 8.3, 0.006
Melanoma	45	−0.69*	−0.85*	0.72, 56*
	45	−0.35, 0.02		0.10, 5.9, 0.02
	45		−0.57*	0.31, 21*
NMSC	45	−0.43, 0.002	−0.67*	0.38, 14*
	45		−0.50*	0.23, 14*
Females			Lung cancer (females)
Lung	39	−0.27, 0.10		0.05, 2.8, 0.10
Melanoma	37	−0.26, 0.009	−0.53, 0.001	0.24, 6.7, 0.003
	37		−0.47, 0.003	0.20, 9.8, 0.003
NMSC	38	−0.26, 0.10	−0.50, 0.002	0.21, 6.0, 0.006
	38		−0.44, 0.006	0.17, 8.6, 0.006

* p < 0.001.

Table 2. Regression results for males

Cancer	N	Lip cancer less lung cancer (β, p)	Lung cancer (β, p)	Adjusted R^2, F, p
All	45	−0.44*	0.97*	0.82, 104*
	45	−0.70*		0.48, 42*
	45		0.82*	0.66, 85*
All less lung	45	−0.67*	0.69*	0.58, 32*
	45	−0.76*		0.57, 59*
	45		0.45, 0.002	0.19, 11, 8
Bladder	45	−0.60*	0.78*	0.58, 32*
	45	−0.73*		0.52, 48*
	45		0.54*	0.27, 18*
Brain	45	−0.45, 0.001	−0.32, 0.02	0.38, 15*
	45	−0.20, 0.20		0.02, 1.7.0.2
	45		−0.48, 0.001	0.21, 13, 0.001
Breast	39	−0.41, 0.01	0.31, 0.06	0.15, 4.3, 0.02
	39	−0.44, 0.005		0.17, 8.8, 0.005
Colon	45	−0.66*	0.35, 0.009	0.37, 14*
	45	−0.61*		0.36, 26*
Esophageal	45	−0.05, 0.60	0.83*	0.64, 40*
	45	−0.37, 0.01		0.12, 6.8, 0.01
	45		0.81*	0.65, 82*
Gallbladder	42	−0.41, 0.003	0.68*	0.42, 16*
	42	−0.57*		0.31, 20*
	42		0.55*	0.28, 17*
Kidney	45	−0.57*	0.74*	0.55, 28*
	45	−0.70*		0.48, 42*
	45		0.54*	0.28, 17*
Laryngeal	45	−0.26, 0.01	0.85*	0.61, 36*
	45	−0.53*		0.26, 16*
	45		0.76*	0.56, 57*
Liver	45	−0.43, 0.001	0.73*	0.47, 20*
	45	−0.60*		0.34, 24*
	45		0.58*	0.32, 22*
NHL	45	−0.28, 0.07	−0.23, 0.14	0.13, 4.4, 0.02
	45		−0.33, 0.03	0.09, 5.1, 0.03
Oral	43	−0.34, 0.01	0.65*	0.36, 13*
	43	−0.51, 0.001		0.24, 14, 0.001
	43		0.53*	0.27, 16*
Pancreatic	45	−0.39, 0.001	0.81*	0.57, 30*
	45	−0.61*		0.35, 25*
	45		0.68*	0.44, 36*
Pharynx	44	−0.29, 0.04	0.59*	0.29, 9.6*
	44	−0.46, 0.002		0.19, 11, 0.002
	44		0.49, 0.001	0.23, 14, 0.001
Prostate	45	−0.58*	−0.20, 0.11	0.44, 18*
	45	−0.34, 0.02		0.09, 5.5, 0.02
	45		−0.41, 0.006	0.15, 8.4, 0.006
Rectal	45	−0.46, 0.001	0.66*	0.41, 16*
	45	−0.60*		0.34, 24*
	45		0.50*	0.23, 14*
Small intestine	43	−0.64*	0.16, 0.23	0.33, 11*
	43	−0.53*		0.27, 16*
Stomach	45	−0.52*	0.58*	0.81, 94*
	45		0.76*	0.57, 60*
Testis	44	−0.51*	−0.33, 0.008	0.47, 20*
	44	−0.24, 0.12		0.04, 2.6, 0.12
	44		−0.51*	0.24, 14*

* p < 0.001.

Table 3. Regression results for females

Cancer	N	Lip cancer less lung cancer for males (β, p)	Lung cancer for females (β, p)	Adjusted R^2, F, p
All	39	−0.63*	0.22, 0.08	0.49, 19*
	39	−0.68*		0.45, 33*
	42		0.38, 0.01	0.12, 6.6, 0.01
All less lung	39	−0.69*	−0.40, 0.002	0.47, 18*
	39	−0.59*		0.33, 19*
	42		−0.24, 0.13	0.03, 23, 0.13
Bladder	37	−0.51, 0.001	0.20, 0.18	0.31, 9.1, 0.001
	37	−0.56*		0.29, 16*
Breast	39	−0.69*	−0.43, 0.003	0.38, 12*
	39	−0.49*		0.22, 12*
	42		−0.25, 0.12	0.04, 2.6, 0.12
Cervix	39	0.01, 0.90	0.77*	0.57, 26*
	39		0.75*	0.55, 50*
Colon	39	−0.41, 0.02	−0.08, 0.62	0.11, 33, 0.05
	39	−0.39, 0.02		0.13, 6.5, 0.02
Corpus uteri	39	−0.39, 0.01	−0.44, 0.005	0.22, 6.2, 0.005
	39	−0.27, 0.09		0.05, 3.0, 0.09
	39		−0.38, 0.01	0.12, 6.6, 0.01
Esophageal	29	−0.03, 0.89	0.52, 0.01	0.23, 5.1, 0.01
	29		0.53, 0.003	0.25, 11, 0.003
Kidney	36	0.22, 0.16	0.53, 0.01	0.23, 6.3, 0.005
	38		0.50, 0.001	0.23, 12, 0.001
Liver	32	−0.23, 0.14	0.50, 0.003	0.33, 8.8, 0.004
	32		0.57, 0.001	0.31, 15, 0.001
Pancreatic	37	−0.28, 0.08	0.36, 0.03	0.21, 5.8, 0.007
	37	−0.37, 0.03		0.11, 5.4, 0.03
	39		0.50, 0.001	0.23, 12, 0.001
Rectal	39	−0.31, 0.06	0.11, 0.52	0.08, 2.6, 0.09
	39	−0.34, 0.03		0.09, 4.9, 0.03
Stomach	38	0.26, 0.07	0.64*	0.36, 11*
	41		0.46, 0.003	0.19, 10, 0.003

* p < 0.001.

Figure 1. Scatter plot of all cancer less lung cancer SIR for males vs. the UVB index.

Figure 6. Same as Figure 5 for breast cancer for females.

Figure 5. Scatter plot of all cancer less lung cancer SIR for females vs. the UVB index.

Table 4. Age-adjusted (world) incidence rates for BCC, SCC and melanoma for 2000 for Nordic and Southern European countries and their ratios⁴²

Region	Sex	BCC*	SCC*	Melanoma*
Nordic	M	62.5	10.3	12.4
	F	54.5	4.2	14.3
Southern	M	50.0	12.4	7.4
	F	29.3	4.0	6.6
N/S	M	1.25	0.83	1.68
N/S	F	1.86	1.1	2.17

* cases/100,000/year, N/S, Northern/Southern.

Table 5. Regression results for males for cancers increased by UV irradiance

Cancer	N	Lip cancer (β, p)	Melanoma (β, p)	NMSC (β, p)	Adjusted R^2, F, p
All less lung	47	−0.32, 0.03			0.09, 5.3, 0.03
Bladder	47	−0.31, 0.03			0.08, 4.9, 0.03
Colon	47	−0.50*			0.23, 15*
	51		0.35, 0.01		0.10, 6.8, 0.01
	51			0.41, 0.003	0.15, 9.7, 0.003
Kidney	47	−0.28, 0.06			0.06, 3.7, 0.06
Laryngeal	51		−0.22, 0.13		0.03, 2.4, 0.13
	51			−0.26, 0.06	0.05, 3.6, 0.06
Liver	51	–	–	–
NHL	47	−0.34, 0.02			0.10, 5.8, 0.02
	52		0.21, 0.14		0.03, 2.3, 0.14
	51			0.31, 0.03	0.08, 5.1, 0.03
Oral	51	–	–	–
Pancreatic	51		−0.18, 0.22		0.10, 1.6, 0.22
Prostate	47	−0.65*			0.40, 0.32*
	51		0.75*		0.55, 63*
	51			0.69*	0.47, 45*
Rectal	51			−0.18, 21	0.01, 1.6, 0.21
Small intestine	43	−0.58*			0.33, 21*
	46		0.40, 0.006		0.14, 8.3, 0.006
	46			0.44, 0.002	0.17, 10, 0.002
Testicular	45	−0.59*			0.34, 23*
	48		0.49, 0.001		0.23, 15*
	48			0.46, 0.001	0.19, 12, 0.001

NHL, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; *p < 0.001.

Figure 2. Same as Figure 1 for bladder cancer for males.

Figure 3. Same as Figure 1 for kidney cancer for males.

Figure 4. Same as Figure 1 for pancreatic cancer for males.

Boniol M, Doré JF, Autier P, Smans M, Boyle P. Descriptive epidemiology of skin cancer incidence and mortality. Ch. 10 in Ringborg U, Brandberg Y, Breitbart EW, Greinert R (eds). Skin Cancer Prevention. Informa Health Care. NY 2007:203-23.

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