Primary tumours of the facial nerve: diagnostic and surgical treatment experience in Chinese PLA General Hospital

Abstract

Conclusions. The commonest manifestation of facial nerve tumours was facial paralysis, followed by hearing loss. During tumour resection facial nerve continuity should be maintained and reconstructed in one stage wherever possible. If this is not a viable option, second-stage surgery should be performed as soon as possible after surgery. Objective. To summarize the clinical characteristics of tumours of the facial nerve and discuss their diagnosis and treatment. Patients and methods. Twenty-two cases of primary facial nerve tumours were reviewed. These cases were confirmed pathologically and treated in the Chinese PLA General Hospital during the period 1986–2003, where the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this series were analysed. Results. Among the 22 cases, 14 were facial neurilemmomas, 6 were facial neurofibromas and 2 were facial nerve haemangiomas. The commonest presenting symptom in all cases was facial paralysis (14/22) followed by hearing loss (10/22). Facial paralysis was also the commonest sign of a facial nerve tumour (18/22), followed by a swollen mass in the tympanic cavity (8/22) and a swollen mass in the external auditory canal (5/22). The 22 tumours were totally resected surgically. The function of the facial nerve was normal (grade I) in two cases where the integrity of the nerve was preserved during the operation, grade II in one case and grade III in another case where it was possible to maintain partial continuity of the facial nerve. The facial nerve was reconstructed in one stage when the tumours were resected, with facial–great auricular–facial nerve cable grafting (10 cases) and facial–lateral femoral cutaneous–facial nerve cable grafting (1 case). The facial nerve function consequently recovered to grade II–IV. The second stage facial–hypoglossal nerve anastomosis was carried out in two cases, and facial function consequently recovered to grade II in one case at 3 years and grade III in another with 2 years follow-up. In five cases, the facial nerve remained discontinuous and the facial nerve function showed no recovery (grade VI).

• Facial nerve disease
• cranial nerve neoplasm
• tumour diagnosis
• tumour treatment
• surgical procedures