Swimming and Recovery Abilities of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis

Abstract

Breeding populations of the Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis are endemic to the Yangtze River in China, but other wild populations have been extirpated, and the species is critically endangered. The swimming performance of juvenile Chinese Sturgeon was tested in a flume-type respirometer using a three-phase test: a constant velocity endurance test, followed by a 30-min recovery period, and then a stepped velocity test to determine the critical swimming speed (U_crit). Swimming endurance (at 19 ± 1°C) was tested at five constant speeds: 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 body lengths per second (BL/s) (groups 1–5). A control group (group 0) was used to determine U_crit for fish that had not been subjected to the endurance test. The U_crit of the control group (U′) was 4.32 ± 0.30 BL/s (mean ± SE) and after fish had completed the endurance test the U_crit ranged from 2.88 ± 0.15 BL/s in group 1 to 3.64 ± 0.28 BL/s in group 5, with corresponding recovery ratios (U_crit/U′) of 66.7 ± 3.4% and 84.3 ± 6.4%. Endurance time decreases with swimming speed, so these results indicate that fatigue resulting from swimming at low speed for a longer time requires more recovery time than does fatigue resulting from swimming at high speed for a shorter time. The relationship between swimming speed (U; BL/s) and endurance time (t_e; min) is described by logt_e = 3.90 – 0.64U (r² = 0.769, P < 0.05).

Received January 20, 2016; accepted July 25, 2017Published online September 25, 2017

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Jian-yi Wan and Tao Yuan from Institute of Chinese Sturgeon Research, China Three Gorges Project Corporation, for assisting with this research. This work was supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control, Treatment in the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan of China (grant number: 2012ZX07104-002-04), and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (grant number: 51609155).