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Research Articles

Cadaver transport in large river systems: winter case study in the South Saskatchewan River

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Pages 54-61 | Received 02 Nov 2022, Accepted 24 Jul 2023, Published online: 01 Aug 2023
 

Abstract

An average of 518 drownings occur in Canada per year but few studies measured post-mortem submersion for cadavers and those studies are limited to warm areas of Europe and US. In our current study we deployed a pig cadaver in the South Saskatchewan River system in winter to monitor distance traveled and timing under ice conditions using radio-telemetry. We monitored accumulated degree days before bloating in the cadaver to estimate timing of emersion in winter drowning victims. Post-mortem submersion interval of the cadaver was relatively long (∼94 days) with an accumulated degree day estimate of ∼ 311 °C, and ultimately ∼189.9 km travelled. Our results suggest that winter drowning victims may remain at their point of disappearance for a substantial longer time compared to warmer regions; thereby providing adequate searching time to locate bodies shortly after disappearance.

Résumé

En moyenne, 518 noyades ont lieu chaque année au Canada, mais peu d’études ont mesuré la submersion post-mortem des cadavres et ces études se limitent aux régions chaudes d’Europe et des États-Unis. Dans notre étude actuelle, nous avons déployé un cadavre de porc dans le système de la rivière Saskatchewan Sud en hiver pour surveiller la distance parcourue et le temps passé dans des conditions glacées à l’aide de la radio-télémétrie. Nous avons surveillé le nombre de degrés-jours accumulés avant le gonflement du cadavre afin d’estimer le moment de l’émersion chez les victimes de noyades hivernales. L’intervalle de submersion post-mortem du cadavre était relativement long (∼94 jours) avec une estimation des degrés-jours accumulés de ∼ 311 °C, et finalement ∼189,9 km parcourus. Nos résultats suggèrent que les victimes de noyade hivernale peuvent rester sur leur lieu de disparition pendant une période beaucoup plus longue que dans les régions plus chaudes, ce qui laisse un temps de recherche suffisant pour localiser les corps peu de temps après leur disparition.

Acknowledgement

We thank The Royal Canadian Mounted Police for funding to support this study. In addition, we thank N. Kreitals for help in monitoring the position of the cadaver through the winter 2014, M. Pollock for assistance in setting up radio transmitting materials, and C. Hallborg for assistance in acquiring the flow data for the South Saskatchewan River. We thank A. Bell, T. Frauendorf, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript as well.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this study was provided through in-kind contributions from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Troutreach Saskatchewan at the Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation, and the Water Security Agency.

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